It is a celebratory moment for graphene! This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery of this amazing material by Geim and Novoselov. Curiously, it coincides with the century mark of graphite’s layered structure discovery. Since the discovery of graphene with the promise that its outstanding properties would change the world, society often wonders where is graphene? In this context, their discoverers said in 2005, “despite the reigning optimism about graphene-based electronics, “graphenium” microprocessors are unlikely to appear for the next 20 years”. Today, possibilities for graphene are endless! It can be used in electronics, photonics, fuel cells, energy storage, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and even cultural heritage or sports. Additionally, the electronic properties of this material have been modified in fascinating ways. Bilayer graphene sheets have been found to be superconductive when twisted at a “magic angle”, leading to a new and exciting field of research known as “moiré quantum materials” or “twistronics”. Additionally, small graphene fragments with nanometer sizes undergo a quantum confinement effect of electrons, affording semiconductive materials with applications in optoelectronics. Organic synthesis allows the preparation of molecules with a graphene-like pattern with total control of the shape and size, exhibiting a big catalog of chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. This Perspective shows some of the fascinating milestones raised in the field of graphene-like materials from a chemical point of view, including functionalization strategies employed to chemically modify the topology and the properties of pristine graphene as well as the rising molecular graphenes.

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石墨烯 20 年：从原始到化学工程纳米级薄片


这是石墨烯的庆祝时刻！今年是 Geim 和 Novoselov 发现这种神奇材料的 20 周年。奇怪的是，它与石墨发现层状结构的百年纪念日相吻合。自从石墨烯被发现并有望改变世界以来，社会经常想知道石墨烯在哪里？在这种情况下，他们的发现者在 2005 年表示，“尽管人们对基于石墨烯的电子产品持乐观态度，但”石墨“微处理器在未来 20 年内不太可能出现”。今天，石墨烯的可能性是无穷无尽的！它可以用于电子、光子学、燃料电池、储能、人工智能、生物医学，甚至文化遗产或体育。此外，这种材料的电子特性也以迷人的方式进行了修改。已发现双层石墨烯片在以“魔术角”扭曲时具有超导性，从而产生了一个令人兴奋的新研究领域，称为“莫尔量子材料”或“twistronics”。此外，纳米大小的石墨烯小碎片受到电子的量子限制效应，为半导体材料提供了光电子学应用。有机合成允许制备具有类似石墨烯图案的分子，并完全控制其形状和大小，表现出大量的手光学和光电特性。该视角从化学角度展示了类石墨烯材料领域提出的一些引人入胜的里程碑，包括用于化学改变原始石墨烯的拓扑和特性以及新兴分子石墨烯的功能化策略。