Human milk oligosaccharides could prevent pathogenic bacterial infections in neonates; however, direct in vivo anti-infection evidence was still lacking. Here, we systematically evaluated the effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) on the structural development and functional maturation in neonates and their defense against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. It was found that supplementation with 2′-FL and 3′-SL improved the resistance of weaned mice to enteroaggregative E. coli. The mechanism related to the promotion of 2′-FL and 3′-SL in the maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity by promoting stem cell differentiation, mucus layer integrity, and tight junction formation. 2′-FL and 3′-SL significantly increased the ratio of Th1 and Treg cells in the lamina propria, contents of short-chain fatty acids, as well as the serum content of IgA. This study lays a theoretical basis for the application of 2′-FL and 3′-SL in infant formula, as well as the development of intestinal health products.

中文翻译：

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2'-岩藻糖基乳糖和 3'-唾液酸乳糖通过改善肠粘膜免疫的构建来降低新生儿肠聚集性大肠杆菌感染的死亡率


母乳低聚糖可以预防新生儿病原菌感染;然而，仍然缺乏直接的体内抗感染证据。在这里，我们系统评价了 2'-岩藻糖基乳糖 （2'-FL） 和 3'-唾液酸乳糖 （3'-SL） 对新生儿结构发育和功能成熟及其对肠聚集性大肠埃希菌感染的防御作用的影响。研究发现，补充 2'-FL 和 3'-SL 可提高断奶小鼠对肠聚集性大肠杆菌的抵抗力。该机制与通过促进干细胞分化、粘液层完整性和紧密连接形成促进 2'-FL 和 3'-SL 在肠粘膜免疫成熟中的作用有关。2′-FL 和 3′-SL 显著增加固有层中 Th1 和 Treg 细胞的比例、短链脂肪酸含量以及血清 IgA 含量。本研究为 2′-FL 和 3′-SL 在婴儿配方奶粉中的应用以及肠道保健品的开发奠定了理论基础。