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Conformation and Bonding of Lanthanide(III) Trihalides LnX3 (Ln = La–Lu; X = F, Cl, Br): A Relativistic Local Vibrational Mode Study
Inorganic Chemistry ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03348
Barbara M. T. C. Peluzo, Renaldo T. Moura, Jr., Elfi Kraka

This study employed relativistic methods to investigate the connection between the conformation and bonding properties of 45 lanthanide trihalides LnX3 (Ln: La–Lu; X:F, Cl, Br). Our findings reveal several insights. The proper symmetry exhibited by open-shell LnX3 requires the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling, achieved with 2-component relativistic Hamiltonians. Fluorines (LnF3) primarily exhibit pyramidal structures, while chlorides and bromides tend to yield planar conformations. For a given halide, the strength of Ln–X bonds increases across the lanthanide series, another outcome of the lanthanide contraction. Both strength and covalency of Ln–X bonds decrease upon the halide, i.e., LnF3 > LnCl3 > LnBr3. We introduced a novel parameter, the local force constant associated with the dihedral β(X–Ln–X–X), ka(β), which quantifies the resistance of these molecules to conformational changes. We observed a correlation between ka(β) and the covalency of the Ln–X bond, with higher ka(β) values indicating a stronger covalent character. Finally, the degree of pyramidalization in the LnX3 structures is connected to (i) the extent of charge donation within the molecule and (ii) the greater covalency of the Ln–X bond. These findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between the electronic structure and molecular geometry in LnX3.

中文翻译:


镧系元素 (III) 三卤化物 LnX3 (Ln = La–Lu;X = F, Cl, Br):相对论局部振动模态研究



本研究采用相对论方法研究了 45 种镧系三卤化物 LnX3 (Ln: La–Lu;X:F、Cl、Br)。我们的研究结果揭示了几个见解。开壳层 LnX3 所表现出的适当对称性需要包含自旋-轨道耦合,这是通过 2 分量相对论哈密顿量实现的。氟 (LnF3) 主要表现出金字塔结构,而氯化物和溴化物往往产生平面构象。对于给定的卤化物,Ln-X 键的强度在整个镧系元素中增加,这是镧系元素收缩的另一个结果。Ln-X 键的强度和共价在卤化物上降低,即 LnF3 > LnCl3 > LnBr3。我们引入了一个新的参数,即与二面体 β(X–Ln–X–X), ka(β) 相关的局部力常数,它量化了这些分子对构象变化的抵抗力。我们观察到 ka(β) 与 Ln-X 键的共价之间存在相关性,ka(β) 值越高表示共价特性越强。最后,LnX3 结构中的锥体化程度与 (i) 分子内电荷捐赠的程度和 (ii) Ln-X 键的较大共价有关。这些发现为 LnX3 中电子结构和分子几何形状之间的相互作用提供了有价值的见解。
更新日期:2024-11-13
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