The transfer of nanoparticles (NPs) through the terrestrial food chain via foliar uptake presents poorly understood risks, especially in scenarios involving copollution and plant translocation. Herein, we exposed the radishes to single and mixed foliar doses of CeO₂ NPs and deuterated polystyrene (DPS), investigating the trophic transfer of NPs from radish shoots/roots to snails. Compared to single treatments, mixture treatments increased Ce uptake by plants but had no effect on DPS uptake. Additionally, mixture treatments did not affect the movement of Ce and DPS from shoots to roots. Under NP mixture exposure, trophic transfer efficiencies (TTF) for Ce (2.09 × 10^–2) and DPS (2.54 × 10^–2) significantly decreased in shoot-feeding snails. In root-feeding snails, TTF for Ce (3.32 × 10^–1) also showed a significant decrease, while TTF for DPS remained unchanged. Mixture treatments exhibited differential impacts on different snail body parts, particularly leading to biomagnification of DPS in the digestive glands and soft tissues (TTF > 1) of snails consuming roots exposed to mixtures. Both CeO₂ and DPS displayed a sudden increase in assimilation efficiency following translocation to the roots. This study provides insights into changes during trophic transfer due to coexposure and plant translocation processes associated with nanoparticles, enhancing our comprehension regarding their environmental risks.

中文翻译：

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金属基和聚合物基纳米颗粒单独存在和混合存在时的差异叶到根运动、营养转移和组织特异性生物分布


纳米颗粒 （NPs） 通过叶面吸收通过陆地食物链的转移存在鲜为人知的风险，尤其是在涉及共污染和植物易位的情况下。在此，我们将萝卜暴露在单叶和混合叶面剂量的 CeO₂ NPs 和氘代聚苯乙烯 （DPS） 中，研究 NPs 从萝卜芽/根到蜗牛的营养转移。与单一处理相比，混合处理增加了植物对 Ce 的吸收，但对 DPS 吸收没有影响。此外，混合物处理不影响 Ce 和 DPS 从芽到根的运动。在 NP 混合物暴露下，芽食蜗牛的 Ce （2.09 × ^10-2） 和 DPS （2.54 × ^10-2） 的营养转移效率 （TTF） 显着降低。在以根为食的蜗牛中，Ce 的 TTF （3.32 × ^10-1） 也显示出显着降低，而 DPS 的 TTF 保持不变。混合物处理对蜗牛身体的不同部位表现出不同的影响，特别是导致食用暴露于混合物的蜗牛根的消化腺和软组织中 DPS （TTF > 1） 的生物放大。CeO₂ 和 DPS 在易位到根部后均表现出同化效率的突然增加。这项研究提供了对与纳米颗粒相关的共暴露和植物易位过程引起的营养转移过程中变化的见解，增强了我们对它们环境风险的理解。