Cellular nanoparticles (CNPs), which refer to nanoparticles coated with natural cell membranes, are promising for neutralizing pathological agents. Here, we use CNPs as a medical countermeasure against the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in an animal model. CNPs comprise polymeric cores coated with the plasma membranes of human macrophages. The resulting nanoparticles (MΦ-NPs) act as host cell decoys to intercept SARS-CoV-2 and block its cellular entry, thus inhibiting subsequent viral infection. Our findings indicate that MΦ-NPs bind to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a dose-dependent manner and inhibit the infectivity of live viruses. In hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants, MΦ-NPs significantly reduce the viral burden in the lungs, demonstrating their effectiveness in inhibiting viral infectivity in vivo. Furthermore, MΦ-NPs are primarily taken up by alveolar macrophages without inducing noticeable adverse effects. Given the crucial role of macrophages in viral infections, MΦ-NPs present a promising approach to combating emerging viral threats.

中文翻译：

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细胞纳米颗粒在体内治疗冠状病毒感染


细胞纳米颗粒 （CNP） 是指涂有天然细胞膜的纳米颗粒，有望用于中和病理剂。在这里，我们使用 CNP 作为动物模型中 SARS-CoV-2 变体感染的医学对策。CNP 由涂有人巨噬细胞质膜的聚合物核心组成。产生的纳米颗粒 （MΦ-NPs） 充当宿主细胞诱饵，拦截 SARS-CoV-2 并阻止其细胞进入，从而抑制随后的病毒感染。我们的研究结果表明，MΦ-NPs 以剂量依赖性方式与 SARS-CoV-2 变体的刺突蛋白结合，并抑制活病毒的感染性。在感染 SARS-CoV-2 变体的仓鼠中，MΦ-NPs 显着降低了肺部的病毒负荷，证明了它们在体内抑制病毒感染性的有效性。此外，MΦ-NPs 主要被肺泡巨噬细胞吸收，而不会引起明显的不良反应。鉴于巨噬细胞在病毒感染中的关键作用，MΦ-NPs 为对抗新出现的病毒威胁提供了一种很有前途的方法。