Cellular function is controlled through intricate networks of signals, which lead to the myriad pathways governing cell fate. Fluorescent biosensors have enabled the study of these signaling pathways in living systems across temporal and spatial scales. Over the years there has been an explosion in the number of fluorescent biosensors, as they have become available for numerous targets, utilized across spectral space, and suited for various imaging techniques. To guide users through this extensive biosensor landscape, we discuss critical aspects of fluorescent proteins for consideration in biosensor development, smart tagging strategies, and the historical and recent biosensors of various types, grouped by target, and with a focus on the design and recent applications of these sensors in living systems.

中文翻译：

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分子间谍在行动：基因编码的荧光生物传感器点亮细胞信号


细胞功能通过错综复杂的信号网络进行控制，这导致了控制细胞命运的无数途径。荧光生物传感器使跨时间和空间尺度的生命系统中的这些信号通路的研究成为可能。多年来，荧光生物传感器的数量呈爆炸式增长，因为它们已可用于众多靶标，在光谱空间内使用，并适用于各种成像技术。为了指导用户了解这个广泛的生物传感器领域，我们讨论了生物传感器开发中需要考虑的荧光蛋白的关键方面、智能标记策略以及各种类型的历史和最近的生物传感器，按目标分组，并重点介绍这些传感器在生命系统中的设计和最新应用。