As the leading technology for producing bismuth ingots from bismuth sulfide concentrate, pyrometallurgical smelting has the shortcomings of high energy consumption, gas pollution, and dust emissions. Hydrometallurgical treatment has been widely regarded because of its low carbon, energy efficiency, and eco-friendly characteristics. In this paper, metallic bismuth is prepared through “transformation pretreatment─methanesulfonic acid (MSA) leaching─bismuth electrodeposition” from a bismuth-based acid-leaching residue, and the separation of bismuth from associated minerals such as pyrite and molybdenite is realized. First, Bi₂O(OH)₂SO₄ of bismuth-containing acid-leaching residue is transformed to acid-soluble Bi₂O₃ in NaOH solution. The transformed product is leached in MSA solution, and the obtained bismuth methanesulfonate-leaching solution is electrodeposited to generate bismuth metal. Under the optimal parameters, the total recovery ratio of bismuth from a bismuth-based acid-leaching residue to bismuth metal can reach 97%. The final-leaching residue is mainly composed of elemental sulfur and sulfide ores (pyrite, molybdenite, etc.), which can be separated and recovered by the flotation process. The purity of bismuth metal from electrodeposition is higher than 99.96%, and the waste electrolyte can be recycled to the acid-leaching procedure as the leaching agent. The proposed technology in this work can also be applied to treating bismuth-containing secondary materials and low-grade complex sulfide ores. It is expected to have bright application prospects in bismuth hydrometallurgy and sustainable metallurgy.

中文翻译：

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从硫化铋精矿加压浸出残渣中高效制备金属铋


火法冶金冶炼作为利用硫化铋精矿生产铋锭的主导技术，具有能耗高、气体污染、粉尘排放等缺点。湿法冶金处理因其低碳、节能和环保等特点而被广泛认为。本文通过“转化预处理——甲磺酸（MSA）浸出─铋电沉积”从铋基酸浸出渣中制备金属铋，实现了铋与黄铁矿、辉钼石等伴生矿物的分离。首先，将含铋酸浸出残渣的 Bi₂O（OH）₂SO₄ 在 NaOH 溶液中转化为酸溶性 Bi₂O₃。转化产物在MSA溶液中浸出，得到的甲磺酸铋-浸出液经电沉积生成金属铋。在最佳参数下，铋从铋基酸浸渣到金属铋的总回收率可达 97%。最终浸出残渣主要由元素硫和硫化物矿石（黄铁矿、辉钼矿等）组成，可通过浮选工艺分离回收。电沉积产生的金属铋纯度高于 99.96%，废电解液可以作为浸出剂回收到酸浸程序中。本工作中提出的技术也可以应用于处理含铋的二次材料和低品位的复杂硫化物矿石。预计在铋湿法冶金和可持续冶金方面具有广阔的应用前景。