Sulfur-containing gases, such as H₂S and SO₂, play significant roles in a multitude of biological processes affecting human life and health. Precise and efficient detection of these gases is therefore crucial for advancing one’s understanding of their biological roles and developing effective diagnostic strategies. Fluorescent sensing offers a highly sensitive and versatile approach for detecting these gases. This Review examines the recent advances in the fluorescent detection of H₂S and SO₂, highlighting the key mechanisms involved in fluorescence signal transduction, including changes in intensity and wavelength shifts. The diverse array of probe molecules employed for this purpose, including those utilizing mechanisms such as nucleophilic reactions, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and sulfur affinity interactions are explored. In additional to organic sensors, the focus of the Review is particularly directed toward quantum dot (QD) systems, emphasizing their tunable optical properties that hold immense potential for fluorescence sensing. Beyond the traditional III–V QDs, we delve into the emerging fluorescence sensors based on halide perovskite QDs, upconversion nanocrystals, and other novel materials. These advanced QD systems hold promise for the development of highly sensitive and cost-effective gas detectors, paving the way for significant advances in biomedical and environmental monitoring. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in QD-based fluorescence sensing of sulfur-containing gases and provides a multifaceted discussion comparing organic fluorescent sensors with QD sensors, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities for the integration of fluorescence sensing as it evolves. The Review aims to facilitate further research and development of innovative sensing platforms to enable more accurate and sensitive detection of these important gases.

中文翻译：

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用于检测和定量含硫气体的荧光传感


含硫气体，如 H₂S 和 SO₂，在影响人类生命和健康的多种生物过程中发挥着重要作用。因此，精确有效地检测这些气体对于促进对其生物学作用的理解和制定有效的诊断策略至关重要。荧光传感为检测这些气体提供了一种高灵敏度和通用的方法。本文综述了 H₂S 和 SO₂ 荧光检测的最新进展，重点介绍了荧光信号转导的关键机制，包括强度和波长偏移的变化。探讨了用于此目的的各种探针分子，包括那些利用亲核反应、Förster 共振能量转移 （FRET） 和硫亲和相互作用等机制的探针分子。除了有机传感器外，本综述的重点还特别针对量子点 （QD） 系统，强调其可调谐光学特性，这些特性在荧光传感方面具有巨大潜力。除了传统的 III-V QD 之外，我们还深入研究了基于卤化物钙钛矿 QD、上转换纳米晶体和其他新型材料的新兴荧光传感器。这些先进的 QD 系统有望开发高灵敏度且经济高效的气体检测仪，为生物医学和环境监测的重大进步铺平道路。 本文全面概述了当前基于 QD 的含硫气体荧光传感的最新进展，并提供了有机荧光传感器与 QD 传感器的比较多方面讨论，强调了荧光传感集成的关键挑战和机遇。该审查旨在促进创新传感平台的进一步研究和开发，以实现对这些重要气体的更准确和更灵敏的检测。