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Patterns of tau, amyloid and synuclein pathology in ageing, Alzheimer’s disease and synucleinopathies
Brain ( IF 10.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-12 , DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae372
Sean J Colloby, Kirsty E McAleese, Lauren Walker, Daniel Erskine, Jon B Toledo, Paul C Donaghy, Ian G McKeith, Alan J Thomas, Johannes Attems, John-Paul Taylor

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically defined by deposits of misfolded hyperphosphorylated tau (HP-tau) and β-amyloid. Lewy body (LB) dementia, which includes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), is characterised pathologically by α-synuclein aggregates. HP-tau and β-amyloid can also occur as copathologies in LB dementia, and a diagnosis mixedAD/DLB can be made if present in sufficient quantities. We hypothesised the spread of these abnormal proteins selectively affects vulnerable areas, resulting in pathologic regional covariance that differentially associates with pre-mortem clinical characteristics. Our aims were to map regional quantitative pathology (HP-tau, β-amyloid, α-synuclein) and investigate the spatial distributions from tissue microarray (TMA) post-mortem samples across healthy aging, AD and LB dementia. The study involved 159 clinico-pathologically diagnosed human post-mortem brains (48 controls, 47 AD, 25 DLB, 20 mixedAD/DLB, 19 PDD). The burden of HP-tau, β-amyloid and α-synuclein was quantitatively assessed in cortical and subcortical areas. Principal components (PC) analysis was applied across all cases to determine the pattern nature of HP-tau, β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Further analyses explored the relationships of these pathological patterns with cognitive and symptom variables. Cortical (tauPC1) and temporolimbic (tauPC2) patterns were observed for HP-tau. For β-amyloid, a cortical-subcortical pattern (amylPC1) was identified. For α-synuclein, four patterns emerged: ‘posterior temporal – occipital (synPC1)’, ‘anterior temporal–frontal (synPC2)’, ‘parieto–cingulate–insula (synPC3)’, and ‘frontostriatal–amygdala (synPC4)’. Distinct synPC scores were apparent among DLB, mixedAD/DLB and PDD, and may relate to different spreading patterns of α-synuclein pathology. In dementia, cognitive measures correlated with tauPC1, tauPC2 and amylPC1 pattern scores (P≤0.02), whereas such variables did not relate to α-synuclein parameters in these or combined LB dementia cases. Mediation analysis then revealed that in the presence of amylPC1, tauPC1 had a direct effect on global cognition in dementia (n=65, P=0.04), while tauPC1 mediated the relationship between amylPC1 and cognition through the indirect pathway (amylPC1→ tauPC1 → global cognition) (P<0.05). Lastly, in synucleinopathies, synPC1 and synPC4 pattern scores were associated with visual hallucinations and motor impairment, respectively (P=0.02). In conclusion, distinct patterns of α-synuclein pathology were apparent in LB dementia, which could explain some of the disease heterogeneity and differing spreading patterns among these conditions. Visual hallucinations and motor severity were associated with specific α-synuclein topographies in LB dementia that may be important to the clinical phenotype, and could, after necessary testing/validation, be integrated into semi-quantitative routine pathological assessment.

中文翻译:


衰老、阿尔茨海默病和突触核蛋白病的 tau、淀粉样蛋白和突触核蛋白病理模式



阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 在神经病理学上定义为错误折叠的高磷酸化 tau (HP-tau) 和 β-淀粉样蛋白沉积。路易体 (LB) 痴呆,包括路易体 (DLB) 和帕金森病 痴呆 (PDD) 痴呆,病理特征为α突触核蛋白聚集体。HP-tau 和 β-淀粉样蛋白也可作为 LB 痴呆 的合并病变发生,如果数量足够,可以诊断为 mixedAD/DLB。我们假设这些异常蛋白的传播选择性地影响脆弱区域,导致与死前临床特征不同相关的病理区域协方差。我们的目标是绘制区域定量病理学 (HP-tau、β-淀粉样蛋白、α-突触核蛋白) 并研究组织微阵列 (TMA) 尸检样本在健康衰老、AD 和 LB 痴呆中的空间分布。该研究涉及 159 个临床病理诊断的人类死后大脑 (48 个对照,47 个 AD,25 个 DLB,20 个混合 AD/DLB,19 个 PDD)。在皮质和皮质下区域定量评估 HP-tau 、 β-淀粉样蛋白和 α-突触核蛋白的负荷。对所有病例应用主成分 (PC) 分析以确定 HP-tau 、 β-淀粉样蛋白和 α-突触核蛋白的模式性质。进一步的分析探讨了这些病理模式与认知和症状变量的关系。观察到 HP-tau 的皮质 (tauPC1) 和颞叶边缘 (tauPC2) 模式。对于 β-淀粉样蛋白,确定了皮质-皮质下模式 (amylPC1)。对于α突触核蛋白,出现了四种模式:“后颞枕 (synPC1)”、“前颞叶 - 额叶 (synPC2)”、“顶叶-扣带回-岛叶 (synPC3)”和“额纹状体-杏仁核 (synPC4)”。 不同的 synPC 评分在 DLB 、 混合 AD/DLB 和 PDD 中很明显,并且可能与 α-突触核蛋白病理的不同扩散模式有关。在 痴呆 中,认知测量与 tauPC1 、 tauPC2 和 amylPC1 模式评分相关 (P≤0.02),而在这些或联合 LB 痴呆病例中,这些变量与 α-突触核蛋白参数无关。介导分析随后显示,在 amylPC1 存在的情况下,tauPC1 对 痴呆 的整体认知有直接影响 (n=65,P=0.04),而 tauPC1 通过间接途径介导 amylPC1 与认知的关系 (amylPC1→tauPC1 →整体认知) (P<0.05)。最后,在突触核蛋白病中,synPC1 和 synPC4 模式评分分别与幻视和运动障碍相关 (P=0.02)。总之,α-突触核蛋白病理学的不同模式在 LB 痴呆 中很明显,这可以解释一些疾病异质性和这些病症之间的不同传播模式。幻视和运动严重程度与 LB 痴呆 中的特定 α-突触核蛋白地形图相关,这可能对临床表型很重要,并且在必要的测试/验证后,可以整合到半定量常规病理评估中。
更新日期:2024-11-12
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