The timing of flowering in plants is modulated by both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) signaling pathways. In a previous study, we established a pivotal role of the sucrose-signaling trehalose 6-phosphate pathway in regulating flowering under N-limited short-day conditions. In this work, we show that both wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants grown under N-limited conditions and knock-down plants of TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 induce FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression, a well-known floral repressor associated with vernalization. When exposed to an extended period of cold, a flc mutant fails to respond to N availability and flowers at the same time under N-limited and full-nutrition conditions. Our data suggest that SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1 RELATED KINASE 1-dependent trehalose 6-phosphate-mediated C signaling and a mechanism downstream of N signaling (likely involving NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 7) impact the expression of FLC. Collectively, our data underscore the existence of a multi-factor regulatory system in which the C and N signaling pathways jointly govern the regulation of flowering in plants.

中文翻译：

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碳氮信号调节拟南芥的开花位点 C 并影响开花时间


植物开花的时间受碳 （C） 和氮 （N） 信号通路的调节。在之前的一项研究中，我们确定了蔗糖信号海藻糖 6-磷酸途径在 N 限制的短日照条件下调节开花中的关键作用。在这项工作中，我们表明在 N 限制条件下生长的野生型拟南芥 （Arabidopsis thaliana） 植物和海藻糖磷酸合酶 1 的敲除植物都诱导开花位点 C （FLC） 表达，这是一种与春化相关的众所周知的花抑制因子。当长时间暴露在寒冷中时，在 N 限制和充分营养的条件下，flc 突变体无法同时对 N 可用性和花朵做出反应。我们的数据表明，蔗糖非发酵 1 相关激酶 1 依赖性海藻糖 6-磷酸介导的 C 信号传导和 N 信号传导下游的机制（可能涉及 NIN 样蛋白 7）影响 FLC 的表达。总的来说，我们的数据强调了多因素调节系统的存在，其中 C 和 N 信号通路共同控制植物开花的调节。