Inflammaging, characterized by persistent chronic inflammation in older adults, has emerged as a critical factor linked to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic disorders, and cognitive decline, which collectively contribute to the leading causes of death globally. Elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and others inflammatory mediators characterize inflammaging and serve as indicators of biological age. Among the causes of inflammaging, deterioration of the immune system, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysbiosis, accumulation of DAMPs, together with genetic or epigenetic factors, contribute to inflammaging not only in CVD but also in other age-related conditions. This review examines the causes and consequences of inflammaging, particularly its implications for atherosclerosis and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and explores potential strategies to mitigate it in the onset of CVD.

中文翻译：

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炎症，预防心血管疾病的靶向途径


炎症的特征是老年人持续的慢性炎症，已成为与心血管疾病 （CVD）、代谢紊乱和认知能力下降等年龄相关疾病相关的关键因素，这些疾病共同导致了全球死亡的主要原因。细胞因子、趋化因子和其他炎症介质水平升高是炎症的特征，是生物年龄的指标。在炎症的原因中，免疫系统恶化、线粒体功能障碍、生态失调、DAMP 积累以及遗传或表观遗传因素不仅会导致 CVD 的炎症，还会导致其他与年龄相关的疾病。本综述研究了炎症的原因和后果，特别是其对动脉粥样硬化和射血分数保留心力衰竭 （HFpEF） 的影响，并探讨了在 CVD 发作时减轻炎症的潜在策略。