A major driver of global climate change is the rising concentration of atmospheric CO₂, the mitigation of which requires the development of efficient and sustainable carbon capture technologies. Solid porous adsorbents have emerged as promising alternatives to liquid amine counterparts due to their potential to reduce regeneration costs. Among them, porous carbons stand out for their high surface area, tailorable pore structure, and exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, making them highly robust and efficient in cycling operations. Moreover, porous carbons can be synthesized from readily available organic (waste) streams, reducing costs and promoting circularity. Lignin, a renewable and abundant by-product of the forest products industry and emerging biorefineries, is a complex organic polymer with a high carbon content, making it a suitable precursor for carbon-based adsorbents. This review explores lignin's sources, structure, and thermal properties, as well as traditional and emerging methods for producing lignin-based porous adsorbents. We examine the physicochemical properties, CO₂ adsorption mechanisms, and performance of lignin-derived materials. Additionally, the review highlights recent advances in lignin valorization and provides critical insights into optimizing the design of lignin-based adsorbents to enhance CO₂ capture efficiency. Finally, it addresses the prospects and challenges in the field, emphasizing the significant role that lignin-derived materials could play in advancing sustainable carbon capture technologies and mitigating climate change.

中文翻译：

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用于 CO2 捕获的木质素基多孔碳吸附剂


全球气候变化的一个主要驱动因素是大气中 CO₂ 浓度的上升，要缓解这一问题，需要开发高效且可持续的碳捕获技术。固体多孔吸附剂因其降低再生成本的潜力而成为液胺对应物的有前途的替代品。其中，多孔碳因其高表面积、可定制的孔结构以及卓越的热和机械性能而脱颖而出，使其在循环操作中非常坚固和高效。此外，可以从现成的有机（废物）流中合成多孔碳，从而降低成本并促进循环性。木质素是林产品行业和新兴生物精炼厂的可再生且丰富的副产品，是一种碳含量高的复杂有机聚合物，使其成为碳基吸附剂的合适前体。本文探讨了木质素的来源、结构和热特性，以及生产木质素基多孔吸附剂的传统和新兴方法。我们研究了木质素衍生材料的物理化学性质、CO₂ 吸附机制和性能。此外，该综述强调了木质素增值的最新进展，并为优化木质素基吸附剂的设计以提高 CO₂ 捕获效率提供了重要见解。最后，它谈到了该领域的前景和挑战，强调了木质素衍生材料在推进可持续碳捕获技术和缓解气候变化方面可以发挥的重要作用。