Global waste production is rapidly increasing and its inefficient recycling has caused significant pollution. Agricultural waste represents a big proportion of it and utilization of this waste in developing biodegradable packaging material has gained interest among research scientists. The incorporation of living systems into it has attracted considerable attention for the synthesis of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. Thus, mycelium-based foams and composites are an evolving class of biocomposites that are based on growing fungal mycelium (specifically white rot fungus) on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. The physical, structural, mechanical, biological and chemical characteristics of these composites are affected by the type of substrate, fungal strain and manufacturing process. Hence, the current review focuses on the substrates and fungal strains used for manufacturing these biocomposite materials as well as their impact on their properties. As a result of their stiffness, elasticity, porousness, less density, fast growth, and low cost, mycelium-derived materials can be used in a variety of applications, including construction, packaging, medicine, and cosmetics. Moreover, the biodegradability, renewability, bioavailability, and nontoxicity of these eco-friendly materials further help mitigate the impact of plastic and agricultural pollution on the environment.

中文翻译：

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基于菌丝体的生物复合材料的最新进展：合成、菌株、木质纤维素底物、生产参数


全球废物产生量迅速增加，其低效的回收已造成严重污染。农业废弃物占很大一部分，利用这些废弃物开发可生物降解的包装材料已引起研究科学家的兴趣。将生命系统纳入其中引起了人们对可持续和环保材料的合成的极大关注。因此，基于菌丝体的泡沫和复合材料是一类不断发展的生物复合材料，它们基于在木质纤维素农业废弃物上生长的真菌菌丝体（特别是白腐菌）。这些复合材料的物理、结构、机械、生物和化学特性受基材类型、真菌菌株和制造工艺的影响。因此，目前的综述侧重于用于制造这些生物复合材料的基材和真菌菌株以及它们对其性能的影响。由于其刚度、弹性、多孔性、密度小、生长快和成本低，菌丝体衍生材料可用于多种应用，包括建筑、包装、医药和化妆品。此外，这些环保材料的生物降解性、可再生性、生物利用度和无毒性进一步有助于减轻塑料和农业污染对环境的影响。