The bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of pollutants in marine ecosystem members determine their ultimate ecological risks. Food web bioaccumulation models are widely used in scientific and regulatory programs to assess the bioaccumulation and ecological risks of pollutants at the ecosystem scale. The food web models are mainly established through concentration- and fugacity-based modeling approaches and include some chemical, food web-related, physiological and environmental factors. The models applied in the “forward approach” predict bioaccumulation and conduct internal exposure level-based ecological risk assessment (IEL-ERA), whereas those in the “reverse approach” are used to back-calculate the IEL-based predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) or environmental criteria. However, some challenges still exist in the application of food web model integrated risk assessment, including the lack of standardized/generalized frameworks, the lack of chemical- and species-specific toxicokinetic data and internal exposure (or tissue residue)-based toxicity data, and the lack of uncertainty-control methods in model estimation and parameterization. There are urgent requirements to improve models, integrate methods and update study designs in the assessment and prediction of “system-scale risks” of marine emerging organic pollutants.

中文翻译：

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用于海洋生态系统中新兴有机污染物生态风险评估的食物网生物积累模型：原则、进展和挑战


海洋生态系统成员中污染物的生物积累和营养转移决定了它们的最终生态风险。食物网生物积累模型广泛用于科学和监管计划，以评估生态系统范围内污染物的生物积累和生态风险。食物网模型主要通过基于浓度和逸出度的建模方法建立，包括一些化学、食物网相关、生理和环境因素。“正向方法”中应用的模型预测生物积累并进行基于内部暴露水平的生态风险评估 （IEL-ERA），而“反向方法”中的模型用于反向计算基于 IEL 的预测无影响浓度 （PNEC） 或环境标准。然而，食品网模型综合风险评估的应用仍然存在一些挑战，包括缺乏标准化/通用框架，缺乏化学和物种特异性毒代动力学数据和基于内部暴露（或组织残留物）的毒性数据，以及在模型估计和参数化中缺乏不确定性控制方法。在评估和预测海洋新出现的有机污染物的“系统规模风险”时，迫切需要改进模型、整合方法和更新研究设计。