Reclaimed water recharge into rivers is an important supplementary approach to address water resource shortage in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. However, the ecology impacts of reclaimed water recharge on the rivers are still unknown, especially for the microbial assemble and species coexistence in different seasons. Here, the evolution of microbiome and its response to different reasons in the Jialu River, which was subjected to long-term reclaimed water recharge, is investigated by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multivariate statistical methods. The results indicated that microbial communities exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity across different periods and were negatively correlated with river discharge. Their assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes such as dispersal limitation and drift. As the transition occurred from the dry season to the normal season, the role of drift diminished, while the deterministic effects of dispersal limitation and niche selection intensified. The relationships among planktonic bacterial species were primarily positive (cooperative), and the complexity and positive correlations within the ecological network showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the change of seasons. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen were the main driving forces influencing the structure of microbial communities. In summary, these findings provided insights into the impact of seasonal variations on the microbial community patterns in reclaimed water-supplemented river ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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破译长期再生水补给河流中的微生物组装和共存


再生水回灌到河流中是解决全球干旱和半干旱地区水资源短缺的重要补充方法。然而，再生水补给对河流的生态影响仍然未知，尤其是不同季节的微生物组装和物种共存。本文采用 16S rRNA 基因测序和多元统计方法研究了长期中水补给的嘉鹭江微生物组的演变及其对不同原因的响应。结果表明，微生物群落在不同时期表现出显著的时间异质性，并与河流流量呈负相关。它们的组装主要受到随机过程的影响，例如扩散限制和漂移。随着旱季向正常季节的过渡，漂移的作用减弱，而扩散限制和生态位选择的决定性效应加强。浮游细菌物种间的关系以正向（合作）为主，生态网络内的复杂性和正相关关系随季节变化呈先减少后增加的趋势。温度、溶解氧和氨氮是影响微生物群落结构的主要驱动力。总之，这些发现为季节性变化对再生水补充河流生态系统中微生物群落模式的影响提供了见解。