Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) is gaining attraction as it enables the generation of highly valuable chemicals while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to designing efficient catalysts that selectively reduce CO2 into various chemicals such as formic acid/formate, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, and ethanol. The efficiency of the CO2RR is evaluated through selectivity to the desired product, overpotential, current density, and stability. This work reviews emerging strategies to improve the CO2RR performance to produce formate/formic acid by tuning catalyst and electrode structures. The catalyst-developing strategies are discussed in terms of engineering electronic and geometric structures, surface oxidation structure, and enlarging surface active area. The design of gas diffusion electrodes and reactor configuration, which are essential in enhancing the efficiency of the electrochemical system, are also mentioned. Finally, insights and perspectives are given on how to overcome the instability of catalysts and limitations of reactor designs.

中文翻译：

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用于 CO2 电还原为甲酸和甲酸盐的电催化剂和电极的设计


电化学二氧化碳 （CO2） 还原反应 （CO2RR） 越来越受到关注，因为它能够产生高价值的化学品，同时减少温室气体排放。人们投入了大量精力来设计高效的催化剂，选择性地将 CO2 还原成各种化学物质，如甲酸/甲酸盐、一氧化碳、甲烷、乙烯和乙醇。CO2RR 的效率是通过对所需产物的选择性、过电位、电流密度和稳定性来评估的。这项工作综述了通过调整催化剂和电极结构来提高 CO2RR 性能以生产甲酸盐/甲酸的新兴策略。从工程电子和几何结构、表面氧化结构和扩大表面活性区域的角度讨论了催化剂开发策略。还提到了气体扩散电极的设计和反应器配置，这对于提高电化学系统的效率至关重要。最后，就如何克服催化剂的不稳定性和反应器设计的局限性给出了见解和观点。