This review explores the current landscape and evolving understanding of sepsis, highlighting both challenges and future directions. Sepsis remains a major global health burden, with diverse clinical presentations complicating timely diagnosis and management. Existing definitions, including the Sepsis-3 criteria, emphasize the importance of organ dysfunction, yet early sepsis detection remains limited by available tools. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, though widely used, may not fully capture early stages of infection or account for complex presentations like noncatecholamine-resistant shock. Additionally, the review underscores the pressing need for standardized terminology across sepsis and shock characterization to ensure consistency in diagnosis and treatment strategies. Accessible, resource-adapted solutions are particularly crucial in low- and middle-income countries where sepsis-related mortality rates are higher due to limited resources. Future research should focus on developing and validating integrated, multi-parameter tools that combine clinical, biochemical, and microbiological data to improve sepsis outcomes globally. Advancing sepsis care will require both technological innovation and collaborative, globally consistent guidelines to bridge disparities in healthcare delivery.

本综述探讨了脓毒症的现状和不断发展的理解，强调了挑战和未来方向。脓毒症仍然是一个主要的全球健康负担，不同的临床表现使及时诊断和管理变得复杂。现有定义（包括 Sepsis-3 标准）强调了器官功能障碍的重要性，但早期脓毒症检测仍受现有工具的限制。序贯器官衰竭评估 （SOFA） 评分虽然被广泛使用，但可能无法完全捕捉感染的早期阶段或解释非儿茶酚胺耐药性休克等复杂表现。此外，本综述强调了脓毒症和休克特征中标准化术语的迫切需求，以确保诊断和治疗策略的一致性。由于资源有限，脓毒症相关死亡率较高的低收入和中等收入国家，可获取的、适应资源的解决方案尤为重要。未来的研究应侧重于开发和验证结合临床、生化和微生物学数据的综合多参数工具，以改善全球脓毒症结局。推进脓毒症护理需要技术创新和全球一致的协作指南，以弥合医疗保健服务方面的差异。