The scope of this work is to assess the economic competitivity of optimized CO₂ capture and utilization process (CCU) for e-methanol production with respect to CO₂ capture and sequestration (CCS) in three locations (southern Italy, northern Germany, northeastern Egypt) and two economic scenarios (short- and long-term) for the cost of renewable energy technologies. The final aim is to determine the optimal sizing and operation of the process units of the system by minimizing the total costs to be sustained by a cement producer. At a methanol selling price of 550 €/t, which is consistent with the current market price, CCS is economically more competitive than CCU in the short-term scenario in all locations. In the long-term scenario, due to the reduced costs of renewable energy technologies, CCU becomes the preferable option in a large majority of the assessed cases. In the long-term scenario, the breakeven methanol selling price in Italy with respect to CCS was found to increase from 384 €/t to 570 €/t if low-cost hydrogen storage is not available and H₂ is stored in pressurized vessels (as alternative to caverns). In Germany, from 542 €/t to 778 €/t. In Egypt, from 402 to 501 €/t. Overall, this study shows that e-methanol production from captured CO₂ in European countries may be competitive with e-methanol produced in more favorable locations, such as Egypt, only in the long-term, at the condition of a substantial cost reduction of renewable energy technologies, and of the persistency of a differential cost of capital with respect to renewables-rich emerging countries.

中文翻译：

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利用或封存从水泥厂捕获的 CO2？


这项工作的范围是评估优化 CO₂ 捕获和利用工艺 （CCU） 在三个地点（意大利南部、德国北部、埃及东北部）和两种经济情景（短期和长期）可再生能源技术成本方面的 CO₂ 捕获和封存 （CCS） 的经济竞争力。最终目标是通过最大限度地降低水泥生产商所承受的总成本，确定系统工艺单元的最佳尺寸和运行。以 550 欧元/吨的甲醇销售价格计算，与当前市场价格一致，CCS 在所有地点的短期情况下都比 CCU 更具经济竞争力。从长期来看，由于可再生能源技术的成本降低，CCU 在绝大多数评估案例中成为更可取的选择。从长期来看，如果没有低成本的储氢，并且 H₂ 储存在加压容器中（作为洞穴的替代品），意大利与 CCS 相关的盈亏平衡甲醇销售价格将从 384 欧元/吨增加到 570 欧元/吨。在德国，从 542 欧元/吨增加到 778 欧元/吨。在埃及，从 402 到 501 欧元/吨。总体而言，这项研究表明，欧洲国家利用捕获的 CO₂ 生产 e-甲醇可能与埃及等更有利地点生产的 e-甲醇具有竞争力，但前提是可再生能源技术成本大幅降低，并且与可再生能源丰富的新兴国家相比，资本成本持续存在差异。