Despite the widespread presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in freshwater environments, only a few studies have addressed their bioaccumulation in macrophytes and benthic invertebrates. This study therefore aimed at investigating the presence of 40 PFAS in sediments, assessing their bioaccumulation in a rooting macrophyte (Myriophyllum spicatum) and a benthic invertebrate (Lumbriculus variegatus) and examining the effects of the presence and bioturbation activity of the invertebrate on PFAS bioaccumulation in the plants. The macrophytes were exposed to sediments originating from a reference and a PFAS-contaminated site. The worms were introduced in half of the replicates, and at the end of the experiment, PFAS were quantified in all environmental compartments. Numerous targeted PFAS were detected in both sediments and taken up by both organisms, with summed PFAS concentrations in organisms largely exceeding concentrations in the original sediments. Bioaccumulation differed between organisms and the two sediments. The presence of the worms significantly reduced the PFAS concentrations in the plant tissues, but for some compounds, root bioaccumulation increased in the presence of the worms. This effect was most prominent for the degradable PFAS precursors. It is concluded that organisms affect the environmental fate of PFAS, emphasizing that contaminant–macroinvertebrate interactions are two-sided.

中文翻译：

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生物扰动影响生物积累：生根大型植物和底栖无脊椎动物从沉积物中吸收 PFAS


尽管全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 （PFAS） 在淡水环境中广泛存在，但只有少数研究解决了它们在大型植物和底栖无脊椎动物中的生物积累问题。因此，本研究旨在调查沉积物中 40 种 PFAS 的存在，评估它们在生根大型植物 （Myriophyllum spicatum） 和底栖无脊椎动物 （Lumbriculus variegatus） 中的生物积累，并检查无脊椎动物的存在和生物扰动活性对植物中 PFAS 生物积累的影响。这些大型植物暴露于来自参考和 PFAS 污染场地的沉积物中。蠕虫被引入一半的重复中，在实验结束时，对所有环境区室中的 PFAS 进行定量。在两种沉积物中检测到大量靶向 PFAS，并被两种生物体吸收，生物体中的 PFAS 总浓度大大超过原始沉积物中的浓度。生物体和两种沉积物的生物积累不同。蠕虫的存在显著降低了植物组织中 PFAS 的浓度，但对于某些化合物，在蠕虫存在的情况下，根的生物积累会增加。这种影响对于可降解的 PFAS 前体最为突出。得出的结论是，生物体会影响 PFAS 的环境归宿，强调污染物与大型无脊椎动物的相互作用是两面的。