This work aimed to investigate the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport of a case of cyclogenesis that causes intense rains over north and middle parts of Saudi Arabia on November 23–25, 2022. The study of kinetic energy (KE) and its budget concludes that the majority of the KE was concentrated at 400 hPa and above, coinciding with the powerful activity of the subtropical jet stream during the period of cyclogenesis. The KE generation through cross-contour flow serves as a major energy source. During the cyclogenesis process, KE dissipation from grid to subgrid scales is a major energy sink, while the horizontal flux divergence of KE acts as a source of KE. The study of moisture transport through the attributes of moisture-flux components and the dispersion of perceptible water during the cyclogenesis reveals that within the lower tropospheric layer, the rotating component of moisture flux brings moisture from two primary regions: One zone spans the Arabian Sea and includes the south Red Sea, north of Ethiopia, and central Sudan; the other region covers the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The primary moisture source in the middle layer is located over central Africa, with origins traced back to the Atlantic Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean.

这项工作旨在研究 2022 年 11 月 23 日至 25 日导致沙特阿拉伯北部和中部地区强降雨的气旋发生案例的动能收支和水汽运移。动能 （KE） 及其预算的研究得出结论，大部分 KE 集中在 400 hPa 及以上，这与气旋发生期间副热带急流的强大活动相吻合。通过交叉等高线流产生的 KE 是主要的能源。在气旋发生过程中，从电网到子电网尺度的 KE 耗散是一个主要的能量汇，而 KE 的水平磁通发散是 KE 的来源。通过水汽通量成分的属性和气旋发生过程中可感知水的分散对水输送的研究表明，在对流层下层内，水汽通量的旋转分量从两个主要区域带来水汽：一个区域横跨阿拉伯海，包括南红海、埃塞俄比亚北部和苏丹中部;另一个地区包括地中海和北大西洋。中间层的主要水汽来源位于中非，起源可以追溯到大西洋、阿拉伯海和印度洋。