People are frequently concerned about the impressions they make on others (referred to as metaperceptions), but their insights are often inaccurate. Illustrating the phenomenon called the liking gap, speakers interacting in their first language (L1) and second language (L2) tend to underestimate how much they are liked by their interlocutor, and these judgments often predict their desire to engage in future interaction and collaboration. To understand the scope of this bias and its consequences, we focused on L1–L2 dyadic interaction, examining metaperception as a potential barrier to conversations between university students. We recruited 58 previously unacquainted university students to perform a 10-min academic discussion task between one L1 and one L2 speaker. Afterward, the speakers (a) assessed each other’s interpersonal liking, speaking skill, and interactional behavior; (b) provided their metaperceptions of their interlocutor’s assessments of the same dimensions; and (c) estimated their interest in future interaction with the same interlocutor. All speakers showed a reliable metaperception bias to underestimate their interpersonal liking, speaking skill, and interactional behavior. However, only L1 speakers’ desire to engage in future interaction was associated with their metaperceptions of interpersonal liking. We discuss implications of this finding for understanding and promoting academic communication.

中文翻译：

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 他们喜欢我吗？


人们经常关心他们给他人留下的印象（称为元感知），但他们的见解往往不准确。用第一语言 （L1） 和第二语言 （L2） 互动的说话者往往低估了对话者的喜欢程度，这些判断通常预示着他们参与未来互动和合作的愿望。为了了解这种偏见的范围及其后果，我们专注于 L1-L2 二元互动，将元感知视为大学生之间对话的潜在障碍。我们招募了 58 名以前不认识的大学生，在一名 L1 和一名 L2 演讲者之间执行 10 分钟的学术讨论任务。之后，演讲者 （a） 评估彼此的人际交往喜好、说话技巧和互动行为;（b） 提供他们对对话者对相同维度的评估的元感知;（c） 估计他们对未来与同一对话者互动的兴趣。所有说话者都表现出可靠的元感知偏差，低估了他们的人际交往喜好、说话技巧和互动行为。然而，只有 L1 使用者参与未来互动的愿望与他们对人际关系喜好的元感知有关。我们讨论了这一发现对理解和促进学术交流的意义。