In anaerobic high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) sedimentary environments below the seafloor, fungi are found to dominate the eukaryotic communities, playing crucial ecological roles. However, the specific mechanisms by which fungi adapt to anaerobic HHP environments remain unclear. In this study, we investigated Schizophyllum commune 20R-7-F01 isolated from coal-bearing sediments at a depth of 2 km below the seafloor. By assessing the cell viability, biomass, and cell wall thickness changes of strain 20-7-1 under different HHP conditions, we observed that, compared to 0.1 MPa, strain 20-7-1 exhibited slower growth rates and decreased cell viability at 15 MPa and 35 MPa, yet demonstrated significant pressure tolerance. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that this strain activated the carbohydrate metabolic process to simultaneously utilize ethanol and lactic acid fermentation pathway. Additionally, it activates the oxidoreductase activity and hydrolase activity pathways to detoxify intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of the metal ion binding pathway increases the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, while instigation of the integral component of membrane pathway maintains cell wall structural stability. Furthermore, activation of the DNA repair pathway repairs DNA damage, demonstrating its comprehensive adaptive mechanisms against the HHP stress. These research findings deepen our understanding of fungal survival strategies and adaptation mechanisms in extreme environments, laying the groundwork for further exploration of their roles in cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements in the deep biosphere.

中文翻译：

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裂叶藻公社 20R-7-F01 从海底 2 km 深部沉积物中分离的耐压生存机制


在海底以下的厌氧高静水压力 （HHP） 沉积环境中，发现真菌在真核生物群落中占主导地位，发挥着至关重要的生态作用。然而，真菌适应厌氧 HHP 环境的具体机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们调查了从海底以下 2 公里深的含煤沉积物中分离的 Schizophyllum commune 20R-7-F01。通过评估菌株 20-7-1 在不同 HHP 条件下的细胞活力、生物量和细胞壁厚度变化，我们观察到，与 0.1 MPa 相比，菌株 20-7-1 在 15 MPa 和 35 MPa 时表现出较慢的生长速率和降低的细胞活力，但表现出显着的耐压性。转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，该菌株激活了碳水化合物代谢过程，同时利用乙醇和乳酸发酵途径。此外，它还激活氧化还原酶活性和水解酶活性途径，使细胞内活性氧 （ROS） 解毒。金属离子结合途径的激活增加了细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸的比例，而膜途径的组成部分的激发维持了细胞壁结构的稳定性。此外，DNA 修复途径的激活可修复 DNA 损伤，证明了其对 HHP 应激的全面适应机制。这些研究结果加深了我们对真菌在极端环境中的生存策略和适应机制的理解，为进一步探索它们在深部生物圈中碳、氮、硫和其他元素循环中的作用奠定了基础。