CONTEXT Mixed evidence exists on whether physical exercise interventions influence intelligence measures in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of exercise interventions on intelligence in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Relevant articles were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus (until February 22, 2024). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of exercise interventions on intelligence in youth (≤19 years). DATA EXTRACTION A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for intelligence measures reported in ≥3 studies. Subanalyses examined the moderating effect of variables such as participants' intelligence quotient (IQ), age, or intervention duration. RESULTS Fourteen randomized controlled trials (n = 3203 participants; age range = 5-14 years) were included. Exercise interventions significantly improved general intelligence compared with control groups (standardized mean difference = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11-0.97, P = .01), which corresponded to a mean improvement in the IQ score of 4.0 points (95% CI = 1.44-6.64, P = .01). Significant benefits of exercise interventions were also observed for fluid intelligence (standard mean difference = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06-0.34, P = .006). Crystallized intelligence could not be meta-analyzed because of a lack of studies. Subanalyses revealed similar benefits in participants with low/borderline versus normal IQ, children versus adolescents, and interventions with different durations. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity observed in the characteristics of the exercise interventions and the populations included can be a potential confounding factor. CONCLUSIONS Exercise interventions are associated with improvements in intelligence (including both general and fluid intelligence) in youth.

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年的运动干预和智力：荟萃分析。


背景 关于体育锻炼干预是否影响儿童和青少年的智力测量，存在混合证据。目的 确定运动干预对儿童和青少年智力的影响。数据来源 在 PubMed、Web of Science、PsycINFO 和 Scopus 中确定了相关文章（截至 2024 年 2 月 22 日）。研究选择 评估运动干预对青少年 （≤19 岁） 智力影响的随机对照试验。资料提取 对 ≥3 研究中报告的智力测量进行了随机效应荟萃分析。亚组分析检查了参与者的智商 （IQ）、年龄或干预持续时间等变量的调节作用。结果 共纳入 14 项随机对照试验 （n = 3203 名参与者;年龄范围 = 5-14 岁）。与对照组相比，运动干预显著提高了一般智力 （标准化平均差 = 0.54,95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.11-0.97，P = .01），这对应于 IQ 评分的平均改善 4.0 分 （95% CI = 1.44-6.64，P = .01）。还观察到运动干预对液体智力的显著益处 （标准均数差 = 0.20,95% CI = 0.06-0.34，P = .006）。由于缺乏研究，无法对结晶的智力进行荟萃分析。亚组分析显示，低/临界智商与正常参与者、儿童与青少年以及不同持续时间的干预措施的益处相似。局限性 在运动干预特征和所纳入人群中观察到的异质性可能是一个潜在的混杂因素。 结论 运动干预与青少年智力 （包括一般智力和液体智力） 的提高有关。