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Acute promyelocytic leukemia: long-term outcomes from the HARMONY project
Blood ( IF 21.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-08 , DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024026186
Maria Teresa Voso, Luca Guarnera, Söhren Lehmann, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner, Uwe Platzbecker, Nigel Russell, Richard Dillon, Ian Thomas, Gert Ossenkoppele, Torsten Haferlach, Marco Vignetti, Edoardo La Sala, Alfonso Piciocchi, Paola Fazi, Angela Villaverde Ramiro, Laura Tur Giménez, Carmelo Gurnari, Lars Bullinger, Jesús María Hernández-Rivas

Treatment outcomes for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have improved with the widespread use of targeted therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Our study aimed to validate these data in a large patient cohort, and to redefine prognostic factors. Leveraging the HARMONY Platform, we analyzed 1438 newly diagnosed patients with APL, diagnosed between 1999 and 2022. Patient data derived from the 2 international multicenter Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell’Adulto (GIMEMA)-APL0406 and National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI)-AML17 trials and 4 European registries: the Haemato Oncology Foundation for Adults in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg (HOVON), AML Study Group (AMLSG), Swedish AML Registry, and Study Alliance Leukemia (SAL). The study cohort included 721 males and 717 females, with a median age of 50.5 years (range, 16-94 years). Of 1309 patients starting therapy, 562 received ATRA-ATO, and 747 idarubicin-based chemotherapy (AIDA-like CHT). Early death (ED) occurred in 85 of 1438 patients (5.9%) at a median of 9 days after APL diagnosis and was independently associated with increasing age and high Sanz risk score (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.08; and OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.55-8.51, respectively). The median follow-up was 5.5 years (interquartile range, 3.2-7.5 years). ATRA-ATO regimen was associated with the best outcome, reaching 91% 7-year overall survival (vs 81% for AIDA-like CHT; hazard ratio [HR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.51-3.05), 89% event-free survival (vs 71% for AIDA-like CHT; HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.01–3.69), and 3% relapse (vs 13% for AIDA-like CHT; HR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.38-7.39; P < .001 for all outcomes). The survival advantage of ATRA/ATO was independent of patients’ age, Sanz risk score, and treatment scenario. Our study confirms the superiority of ATRA-ATO over ATRA-chemotherapy in patients with APL. Reducing the risk of ED still represents an unmet medical need, in particular in older patients and in high-risk APL.

中文翻译:


急性早幼粒细胞白血病:HARMONY 项目的长期结果



随着全反式维甲酸 (ATRA) 和三氧化二砷 (ATO) 靶向治疗的广泛使用,急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL) 的治疗结果有所改善。我们的研究旨在在一个大型患者队列中验证这些数据,并重新定义预后因素。利用 HARMONY 平台,我们分析了 1438 例新诊断的 APL 患者,这些患者在 1999 年至 2022 年间诊断。患者数据来自 2 项国际多中心 Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA)-APL0406 和美国国家癌症研究所 (NCRI)-AML17 试验以及 4 个欧洲注册机构:荷兰、比利时和卢森堡成人 Haemato 肿瘤学基金会 (HOVON)、AML 研究组 (AMLSG)、瑞典 AML 登记处和研究联盟白血病 (SAL)。研究队列包括 721 名男性和 717 名女性,中位年龄为 50.5 岁 (范围,16-94 岁)。在 1309 名开始治疗的患者中,562 名接受了 ATRA-ATO,747 名接受了基于伊达比星的化疗 (AIDA 样 CHT)。1438 例患者中有 85 例 (5.9%) 发生早期死亡 (ED),中位时间为 APL 诊断后 9 天,与年龄增长和高 Sanz 风险评分独立相关 (比值比 [OR],1.06;95% 置信区间 [CI],1.04-1.08;和 OR,4.65;95% CI,分别为 2.55-8.51)。中位随访时间为 5.5 年 (四分位距,3.2-7.5 年)。ATRA-ATO 方案与最佳结局相关,7 年总生存率达到 91%(AIDA 样 CHT 为 81%;风险比 [HR],2.14;95% CI,1.51-3.05),无事件生存率为 89%(AIDA 样 CHT 为 71%;心率,2.72;95% CI,2.01-3.69)和 3% 复发(AIDA 样 CHT 为 13%;心率,4.19;95% CI,2.38-7.39;P < .001 对于所有结果)。 ATRA/ATO 的生存优势与患者的年龄、Sanz 风险评分和治疗方案无关。我们的研究证实了 ATRA-ATO 在 APL 患者中优于 ATRA 化疗。降低 ED 风险仍然代表着未满足的医疗需求,尤其是在老年患者和高危 APL 患者中。
更新日期:2024-11-08
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