Our objective was to ascertain the most recent prevalence and trends of hyperuricemia among adolescents, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity subgroups, as well as to investigate potential risk factors associated with hyperuricemia in US adolescents. Data were obtained from adolescents aged 12–17 years in the 1999–2018 NHANES cycles. Hyperuricemia for adolescents was defined as ≥ 5.5 mg/dL. The prevalence of hyperuricemia, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was calculated for each four-year survey cycle, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), poverty income ratio (PIR), and parental education levels. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted independently to evaluate the linear trends in mean serum urate levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia across the four-year cycles. Utilizing NHANES data from 2011 to 2018, we identified factors associated with mean serum urate levels and hyperuricemia through the application of linear regression and Poisson regression analyses. A total of 11 264 participants were included in the analysis. In 2015–2018, the overall hyperuricemia prevalence was 32.78%, 50.7% in males, and 13.51% in females. No significant trends were identified in the prevalence of hyperuricemia from 1999 to 2002 to 2015–2018. Between 2011 and 2018, hyperuricemia was significantly more prevalent among males compared to females (prevalence ratio [PR], 3.50 [95% CI, 2.83–4.33]), non-Hispanic Asians compared to non-Hispanic Whites (PR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.04–1.53]), and individuals with overweight (PR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.32–2.01]) or obesity (PR, 2.45 [95% CI, 2.08–2.88]) compared to those of normal weight. There was a stronger correlation between obesity and hyperuricemia among females (PR, 4.77 [95% CI, 3.08–7.39]) than in males (PR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.82–2.34]). Furthermore, non-Hispanic Black adolescents with obesity exhibited higher PRs (PR, 3.40 [95% CI, 2.54–4.55]) for hyperuricemia in comparison to other ethnic groups. This study has updated recent trends in hyperuricemia by sex and race/ethnicity among US adolescents. Our results suggest that hyperuricemia has a significant association with greater obesity in US adolescents, and the degree of correlation varies by sex and race/ethnicity.

中文翻译：

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1999-2018 年美国青少年按种族和民族划分的高尿酸血症患病率和趋势


我们的目的是确定青少年高尿酸血症的最新患病率和趋势，按性别和种族/民族亚组分层，并调查与美国青少年高尿酸血症相关的潜在危险因素。数据是从 12-17 年 NHANES 周期的 17-1999 岁青少年中获得的。青少年高尿酸血症定义为 ≥ 5.5 mg/dL。计算每个四年调查周期的高尿酸血症患病率以及 95% 置信区间 （CIs），按性别、种族/民族、体重指数 （BMI）、贫困收入比 （PIR） 和父母教育水平分层。独立进行线性回归和 logistic 回归分析，以评估平均血清尿酸水平和高尿酸血症患病率在 4 年周期内的线性趋势。利用 2011 年至 2018 年的 NHANES 数据，我们通过应用线性回归和泊松回归分析确定了与平均血清尿酸盐水平和高尿酸血症相关的因素。共有 11 264 名参与者被纳入分析。2015-2018 年，高尿酸血症的总体患病率为 32.78%，男性为 50.7%，女性为 13.51%。从 1999 年至 2002 年到 2015年至 2018 年，高尿酸血症的患病率没有发现显著趋势。2011 年至 2018 年期间，高尿酸血症在男性中明显更普遍（患病率 [PR]，3.50 [95% CI，2.83-4.33]），非西班牙裔亚洲人与非西班牙裔白人相比（PR，1.26 [95% CI，1.04-1.53]），以及超重 （PR，1.63 [95% CI，1.32-2.01]）或肥胖 （PR，2.45 [95% CI，2.08-2.88]）与正常体重相比。女性肥胖与高尿酸血症之间的相关性更强 （PR，4.77 [95% CI，3.08-7。39]） 比男性 （PR， 2.06 [95% CI， 1.82–2.34]）。此外，与其他种族群体相比，肥胖的非西班牙裔黑人青少年对高尿酸血症表现出更高的 PR （PR， 3.40 [95% CI， 2.54-4.55]）。这项研究更新了美国青少年按性别和种族/民族划分的高尿酸血症的最新趋势。我们的结果表明，高尿酸血症与美国青少年肥胖程度较高有显著关联，相关性程度因性别和种族/民族而异。