Bacteria-like phytoplasmas alternate between plant and insect hosts, secreting proteins that disrupt host development. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of “Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae” strain HN2022, associated with rice yellow dwarf (RYD) disease, using PacBio HiFi technology. The strain was classified within the 16Sr XI-B subgroup. Through SignalP v5.0 for prediction and subsequent expression analysis of secreted proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice (Oryza sativa L.), we identified the key virulence effector proteins RY348 and RY378. RY348, a homolog of Secreted Aster Yellows Phytoplasma Effector 54 (SAP54), targets and degrades the MADS-box transcription factors MADS1 and MADS15, causing pollen sterility. Meanwhile, RY378 impacts the strigolactone and auxin signaling pathways, substantially increasing tillering. These findings offer insights into the interactions between plants and phytoplasmas.

中文翻译：

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编码在水稻黄矮植原体基因组中的毒力效应子参与发病机制


细菌样植原体在植物宿主和昆虫宿主之间交替，分泌破坏宿主发育的蛋白质。在这项研究中，我们使用 PacBio HiFi 技术对与水稻黄矮星 （RYD） 病相关的 “Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae” 菌株 HN2022 的完整基因组进行了测序。该菌株被归类为 16Sr XI-B 亚组。通过 SignalP v5.0 对本氏烟草和水稻 （Oryza sativa L.） 中分泌的蛋白进行预测和后续表达分析，我们鉴定了关键的毒力效应蛋白 RY348 和 RY378。RY348 是分泌型紫菀黄植原体效应器 54 （SAP54） 的同源物，靶向并降解 MADS-box 转录因子 MADS1 和 MADS15，导致花粉不育。同时，RY378 影响 strigolactone 和 auxin 信号通路，显着增加分蘖。这些发现为植物与植原体之间的相互作用提供了见解。