Background It is unclear whether cancer risk among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) has declined equally across all racial/ethnic and transmission risk groups. Methods We used data on PWH aged ≥20 years from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study during 2001–2019. We used Poisson regression to assess time trends in incidence rates for each cancer site by racial/ethnicity and risk groups, adjusting for age, registry, and sex. We also estimated adjusted rate ratios across racial and ethnic and risk groups in 2001–2004 and 2015–2019. Results Trends in age-standardized rates differed across racial/ethnic groups and across risk groups for some cancers. For example, liver cancer rates declined 23% per 5-year period among White PWH, 11% among Black PWH, and 18% among Hispanic PWH. Anal cancer rates declined among men who have sex with men, were stable among people who inject drugs, and increased among other risk groups. Between 2001–2004 and 2015–2019, the relative difference in cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity increased for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and liver cancer but decreased for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); by risk group, relative differences increased for NHL and liver cancer and decreased for HL and lung and anal cancers. Conclusions Among PWH in the United States during 2001–2019, HL, lung, liver, and cervical cancer rate trends were different across racial/ethnic groups. HL, lung, anal, and liver cancer rate trends were different across risk groups. Future work should examine underlying causes of the differences in trends.

中文翻译：

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2001-2019 年美国人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者按种族和民族以及风险群体划分的癌症发病率趋势差异


背景 目前尚不清楚人类免疫缺陷病毒 （HIV， PWH） 患者的癌症风险是否在所有种族/民族和传播风险群体中都同样下降。方法 我们使用了 2001-2019 年 HIV/AIDS 癌症匹配研究中 ≥20 岁的 PWH 数据。我们使用泊松回归按种族/民族和风险群体评估每个癌症部位发病率的时间趋势，并调整年龄、登记处和性别。我们还估计了 2001-2004 年和 2015-2019 年种族、民族和风险群体的调整后比率。结果 年龄标准化率的趋势因种族/族裔群体和某些癌症的风险群体而异。例如，白人 PWH 的肝癌发病率每 5 年下降 23%，黑人 PWH 下降 11%，西班牙裔 PWH 下降 18%。肛门癌发病率在男男性行为者中下降，在注射吸毒者中保持稳定，在其他风险人群中上升。在 2001-2004 年和 2015-2019 年期间，霍奇金淋巴瘤 （HL） 和肝癌按种族/族裔划分的癌症发病率的相对差异增加，但非霍奇金淋巴瘤 （NHL） 的癌症发病率下降;按风险组划分，NHL 和肝癌的相对差异增加，HL 和肺癌和肛门癌的相对差异减少。结论 在 2001-2019 年美国 PWH 中，HL、肺癌、肝癌和宫颈癌的发病率趋势因种族/族裔群体而异。HL 、 肺癌 、 肛门癌 和 肝癌 发病率趋势在风险组之间有所不同。未来的工作应该研究趋势差异的根本原因。