Background Cancer risk among people with HIV (PWH) has declined over time as a result of antiretroviral therapy, but it is unclear whether all racial/ethnic groups and transmission risk groups have experienced equal declines. Methods We used data on PWH aged ≥20 years old from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study during 2001–2019. We used Poisson regression to assess time trends in incidence rates for each cancer site by racial/ethnicity and risk group, adjusting for age, registry, and sex. We also estimated adjusted rate ratios across racial and ethnic and risk groups in 2001-2004 and 2015-2019. Results Trends in age-standardized rates differed across Black, White and Hispanic PWH, and across risk groups for some cancers. For example, liver cancer rates declined 23% per 5-year period among White PWH, 11% in Black PWH and 18% in Hispanic PWH. Anal cancer rates declined among men who have sex with men, were stable among people who inject drugs, and increased among other risk groups Between 2001-2004 and 2015-2019, relative difference in cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity increased for HL and liver cancer but decreased for NHL; by risk group, relative differences increased for NHL and liver cancer, and decreased for HL, lung and anal cancers. Conclusions Among PWH in the US, during 2001–2019, HL, lung, liver, and cervical cancer rate trends were different across racial/ethnic groups. HL, lung, anal, and liver cancer rates trends were different across risk groups. Future work should examine underlying causes of the differences in trends.

中文翻译：

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2001 年至 2019 年美国 HIV 感染者癌症发病率趋势的差异：按种族和民族以及风险群体


背景 由于抗逆转录病毒治疗，HIV 感染者 （PWH） 的癌症风险随着时间的推移而下降，但尚不清楚是否所有种族/族裔群体和传播风险群体都经历了相同的下降。方法 我们使用了 2001-2019 年 HIV/AIDS 癌症匹配研究中 ≥20 岁的 PWH 数据。我们使用泊松回归按种族/民族和风险组评估每个癌症部位发病率的时间趋势，并调整年龄、登记处和性别。我们还估计了 2001-2004 年和 2015-2019 年种族、民族和风险群体的调整后比率。结果 年龄标准化率的趋势在黑人、白人和西班牙裔 PWH 以及某些癌症的风险群体中有所不同。例如，白人 PWH 的肝癌发病率每 5 年下降 23%，黑人 PWH 下降 11%，西班牙裔 PWH 下降 18%。肛门癌发病率在男男性行为者中下降，在注射吸毒者中稳定，在其他高危人群中增加 2001-2004 年和 2015-2019 年期间，按种族/族裔划分的癌症发病率相对差异 HL 和肝癌增加，但 NHL 降低;按风险组划分，NHL 和肝癌的相对差异增加，HL 、肺癌和肛门癌的相对差异减少。结论 在美国 PWH 中，2001-2019 年期间，不同种族/族裔群体的 HL、肺癌、肝癌和宫颈癌发病率趋势不同。HL 、 肺癌 、 肛门癌 和 肝癌 发病率趋势在风险组之间有所不同。未来的工作应该研究趋势差异的根本原因。