Conventional navigation systems (CNS) in surgery require strong spatial cognitive abilities and hand-eye coordination. Augmented Reality Navigation Systems (ARNS) provide 3D guidance and may overcome these challenges, but their accuracy and efficiency compared to CNS have not been systematically evaluated. In this randomized crossover study with 36 participants from different professional backgrounds (surgeons, students, engineers), drilling accuracy, time and perceived workload were evaluated using ARNS and CNS. For the first time, this study provides compelling evidence that ARNS and CNS have comparable accuracy in translational error. Differences in angle and depth error with ARNS were likely due to limited stereoscopic vision, hardware limitations, and design. Despite this, ARNS was preferred by most participants, including surgeons with prior navigation experience, and demonstrated a significantly better overall user experience. Depending on accuracy requirements, ARNS could serve as a viable alternative to CNS for guided drilling, with potential for future optimization.

手术中的传统导航系统 （CNS） 需要强大的空间认知能力和手眼协调能力。增强现实导航系统 （ARNS） 提供 3D 制导并可能克服这些挑战，但与 CNS 相比，它们的准确性和效率尚未得到系统评估。在这项由来自不同专业背景（外科医生、学生、工程师）的 36 名参与者组成的随机交叉研究中，使用 ARNS 和 CNS 评估了钻孔精度、时间和感知工作量。这项研究首次提供了令人信服的证据，证明 ARNS 和 CNS 在翻译误差方面具有相当的准确性。ARNS 的角度和深度误差差异可能是由于立体视觉有限、硬件限制和设计造成的。尽管如此，ARNS 还是受到大多数参与者的青睐，包括具有导航经验的外科医生，并且表现出明显更好的整体用户体验。根据精度要求，ARNS 可以作为 CNS 的可行替代方案，用于导向钻孔，并有可能在未来进行优化。