Leukemia ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-08 , DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02397-2 Peng Li, F. N. U. Alnoor, Wei Xie, Margaret Williams, Julie Feusier, Yi Ding, Xiangrong Zhao, Gang Zheng, Chen Zhao, Arthur W. Zieske, Youli Zu, Philipp W. Raess, Srinivas Tantravahi, Afaf Osman, Ami B. Patel, Tsewang Tashi, Jay L. Patel, Anna P. Matynia, Madhu P. Menon, Rodney R. Miles, Jeffrey R. Jacobsen, Tracy I. George, Douglas W. Sborov, Philippe Szankasi, Paul Rindler, Devin Close, Robert S. Ohgami
Between June 2022 and November 2023, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on blood or bone marrow samples at four US medical centers. We identified 27 distinct presumably somatic UBA1 variants in 86 patients (1%, Fig. 1A). Sixty-six patients (0.7%) carried nine different pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV, Fig. 1B above the protein sequence). Most were canonical loss-of-start-codon variants: p.M41T (N = 24), p.M41L (N = 21), and p.M41V (N = 14), followed by previously reported (c.118-1 G>C, N = 2) and two novel splice site variants (c.118-10_118-1 del and c.118-5_118-1 del) upstream of the p.M41 codon. Further, three VEXAS-causal missense variants p.Y55H (N = 1), p.G477A (N = 1), and p.A478S (N = 1) were also classified as PV [1, 2, 4]. An additional 18 distinct novel variants (below the protein sequence in Fig. 1B and in Supplementary Table 1), classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), including two recurrent variants (p.D506N and p.I890F), were identified in the remaining 20 patients (Fig. 1B, C, patients 67-86).
Thirty-one (47%) patients with UBA1 PV exhibited at least one concomitant variant, representing a significantly lower frequency compared to VUS patients (85%, p = 0.04, Fig. 1C, D and Table 1), accompanied by a lower somatic mutation burden, defined as the number of somatic variants per patient (Fig. 1E, mean ± SEM, 2.0 ± 0.2 in PV vs. 4.0 ± 0.5 in VUS, p = 0.0001). UBA1 clone sizes were notably larger in PV (Fig. 1F, mean ± SEM, 26.1% ± 1.5) than those in VUS (16.0% ± 3.3, p = 0.002). Fifty-five PV patients (83%) exhibited UBA1 variant VAFs higher than those of the leading concurrent variants, if any, indicating that UBA1 PV were the founding clones. In contrast, only 40% of VUS (Fig. 1G, p = 0.001) were the leading clones. In PV patients, DNMT3A was the most commonly mutated gene (23%), followed by TET2 (12%) and ASXL1 (6%, Fig. 1C). In VUS patients, the most prevalent concomitant variant was TET2 (Supplementary Fig. 1A, 35%, p = 0.03), followed by ASXL1 (25%, p = 0.02) and DNMT3A variants (10%, p = 0.03). Notably, variants involved in tyrosine kinase or RAS signaling pathways were significantly more prevalent in VUS patients (Supplementary Fig. 1A–C).
中文翻译:
获得性 UBA1 突变的快速生长使男性患者易患低风险 MDS
2022 年 6 月至 2023 年 11 月期间,对四家美国医疗中心的血液或骨髓样本进行了靶向下一代测序 (NGS)。我们在 86 例患者中鉴定了 27 个不同的推测体细胞 UBA1 变异 (1%,图 1A)。66 名患者 (0.7%) 携带 9 种不同的致病性/可能的致病性变异 (PV,蛋白质序列上方的图 1B)。大多数是经典的起始密码子丢失变体:p.M41T (N = 24)、p.M41L (N = 21) 和 p.M41V (N = 14),其次是先前报道的 (c.118-1 G>C, N = 2) 和两个新的剪接位点变体 (c.118-10_118-1 del 和 c.118-5_118-1 del) 在 p.M41 密码子上游。此外,三个 VEXAS 因果错义变体 p.Y55H (N = 1) 、 p.G477A (N = 1) 和 p.A478S (N = 1) 也被归类为 PV [1, 2, 4]。在其余 20 名患者中发现了另外 18 个不同的新变异(低于图 1B 和补充表 1 中的蛋白质序列),被归类为意义不明的变异 (VUS),包括两个复发性变异(p.D506N 和 p.I.I890F)(图 1B、C,患者 67-86)。
31 例 (47%) UBA1 PV 患者表现出至少一种伴随变异,与 VUS 患者相比,频率显著降低(85%,p = 0.04,图 1C、D 和表 1),伴随着较低的体细胞突变负担,定义为每位患者的体细胞变异数量(图 1E,平均 ± SEM,PV 为 2.0 ± 0.2,VUS 为 4.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.0001)。PV 中的 UBA1 克隆大小(图 1F,±SEM 平均值,26.1% ± 1.5)明显大于 VUS 中的 UBA1 克隆大小 (16.0% ± 3.3,p = 0.002)。55 例 PV 患者 (83%) 表现出 UBA1 变异 VAFs 高于主要并发变异(如果有),表明 UBA1 PV 是基础克隆。相比之下,只有 40% 的 VUS (图 1G,p = 0.001) 是主要克隆。在 PV 患者中,DNMT3A 是最常见的突变基因 (23%),其次是 TET2 (12%) 和 ASXL1 (6%,图 1C)。在 VUS 患者中,最普遍的伴随变异是 TET2 (补充图 1A,35%,p = 0.03),其次是 ASXL1 (25%,p = 0.02) 和 DNMT3A 变异 (10%,p = 0.03)。值得注意的是,参与酪氨酸激酶或 RAS 信号通路的变异在 VUS 患者中明显更普遍(补充图 1A-C)。