Background and aims

Soil salinization poses a significant challenge to agriculture by hindering crop growth and yield. The present study aimed to examine the potential of two biofertilizers to mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on sunflower plants.

Methods

Sunflower seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) individually, as well as in combination and exposed to salinity (150 mM) for 60 days.

Results

Salt stress led to nutrient imbalance, promoted oxidative damage, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and induced accumulation of compatible solutes and antioxidants in sunflower leaves. Biofertilizer treatments effectively alleviated the detrimental effects imposed by salinity. Inoculated plants exhibited promoted growth, and higher nutrient and photosynthetic pigment content under salinity stress. In inoculated plants, the adverse effects of stress on photosynthetic quantum yields were significantly attenuated. Antioxidant activity and flavonoid content increased in inoculated plants followed by a reduction in H₂O₂ and MDA, and electrolyte leakage. A higher accumulation of compatible solutes was stimulated in salt-stressed sunflower plants by the biofertilizer treatments.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that the combined application of G. mosseae and P. fluorescens was the most efficient treatment in diminishing the harmful impacts of salt stress on sunflower seedlings. Based on these results, the use of G. mosseae and P. fluorescens as biofertilizers offers a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy to increase crop tolerance against the deleterious impact of salinity.

中文翻译：

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生物肥料介导的向日葵耐盐性：Glomus mosseae 和 Pseudomonas fluorescens 的协同作用

 背景和目标

土壤盐碱化阻碍了作物的生长和产量，对农业构成了重大挑战。本研究旨在检验两种生物肥料在减轻盐胁迫对向日葵植物的不利影响方面的潜力。

 方法

向日葵幼苗单独接种 Glomus mosseae （丛枝菌根真菌） 和荧光假单胞菌 （植物生长促进根际细菌），并联合接种，并暴露于盐度 （150 mM） 中 60 天。

 结果

盐胁迫导致养分失衡，促进氧化损伤，降低光合效率，并诱导向日葵叶片中相容溶质和抗氧化剂的积累。生物肥料处理有效地减轻了盐度带来的不利影响。接种的植株在盐胁迫下表现出生长促进，营养物质和光合色素含量较高。在接种的植物中，胁迫对光合量子产率的不利影响显着减弱。接种植物的抗氧化活性和类黄酮含量增加，随后 H₂、O₂ 和 MDA 以及电解质泄漏减少。生物肥料处理刺激了盐胁迫向日葵植株中相容溶质的较高积累。

 结论

我们的结果表明，G. mosseae 和 P. fluorescens 的联合施用是减少盐胁迫对向日葵幼苗有害影响的最有效处理。基于这些结果，使用 G. mosseae 和 P. fluorescens 作为生物肥料提供了一种可持续和环保的策略，可以提高作物对盐分有害影响的耐受性。