Based on multisite ethnographic work between 2018 and 2020, this article examines entrepreneurship promotion policies developed by the Chilean state directed at Mapuche people. We direct attention to how the notion of authenticity works as a hinge between Mapuche people, historical heritage, nongovernmental organizations, and public policymakers in their promotion of microentrepreneurship as a form of overcoming poverty and achieving full inclusion of Indigenous people in Chilean society. The negotiation processes concerning authenticity bring together people's aspiration to become entrepreneurs as authentic Mapuche and those seeking to initiate a “proper Mapuche business.” Authenticity, its recognition and contestation, appears as a central tenet in the formation of a particular entrepreneurial self that combines entrepreneurs' aspirations for a better life with a simultaneous seeking of an appropriate sense of being Mapuche, with acknowledgment from others. In the process, the meaning of authenticity goes beyond a primordialist understanding of the term, acquiring polysemy and affecting the arena of Indigenous entrepreneurship, as other aspects of contemporary Mapuche lives.

中文翻译：

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真实性的危机：成为企业家和在马普切人中寻求“文化适当性”


基于 2018 年至 2020 年间的多地点民族志工作，本文研究了智利国家针对马普切人制定的创业促进政策。我们直接关注真实性的概念如何作为马普切人、历史遗产、非政府组织和公共政策制定者之间的枢纽，以促进微型创业作为克服贫困和实现原住民完全融入智利社会的一种形式。关于真实性的谈判过程将人们成为真正的马普切企业家的愿望与寻求开展“适当的马普切业务”的人结合在一起。真实性，它的认可和争论，似乎是形成特定创业自我的中心原则，它将企业家对更美好生活的渴望与同时寻求适当的马普切人意识相结合，并得到他人的认可。在这个过程中，真实性的含义超越了对该术语的原始理解，获得了多义性并影响了土著创业的舞台，就像当代马普切人生活的其他方面一样。