Consumer‐grade optical heart rate (HR) sensors emerged as promising tools to monitor volume and intensity of physical activity (PA). However, no validation study of optical HR sensors included recent comprehensive validation recommendations, required for facilitating usage for medical purposes. Validity of HR data measured with four consumer‐grade optical sensors, the wrist‐worn Garmin Venu 2S and Polar Vantage M2, and the upper arm‐worn Polar Verity Sense and Scosche Rhythm24 were assessed in 32 participants over 24 h including various laboratory‐based and free‐living activities. Furthermore, validity of time at moderate or vigorous PA intensity zones was analyzed. A medical‐grade ECG served as a reference. Reliability was assessed by analyzing data of laboratory‐based activities during two visits. Across activities, the mean absolute percentage error ranged from 2.2% to 4.7% and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, indicating high validity for all optical sensors. All sensors validly detected time spent at moderate or vigorous intensities (mean error < 10%), except Polar M2 for moderate PA (mean error 12.8%) and Garmin V2 for vigorous PA (mean error −15.9%). Sensor day‐to‐day reliability was high, indicated by a mean absolute error of < 5 beats/min. Upper arm‐worn sensors consistently outperformed wrist‐worn sensors, particularly in activities involving increased arm movement and at higher intensities. Our findings identified an overall high validity of these four consumer‐grade optical HR sensors, also for assessing time spent at higher PA intensities. However, differences were observed between sensors regarding activity subtypes and intensity levels. These data support informed decisions when selecting optical sensors for PA monitoring and intervention.Trial Registration: The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its current amendments and was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT05525000).

中文翻译：

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四种消费级光学心率传感器用于评估身体活动量和强度分布的有效性


消费级光学心率 （HR） 传感器成为监测身体活动 （PA） 量和强度的有前途的工具。然而，光学 HR 传感器的验证研究没有包括最近的全面验证建议，这些建议是促进医疗目的使用所必需的。在 24 小时内，32 名参与者评估了使用四个消费级光学传感器（腕戴式 Garmin Venu 2S 和 Polar Vantage M2 以及上臂佩戴式 Polar Verity Sense 和 Scosche Rhythm24）测量的心率数据的有效性，包括各种基于实验室和自由生活的活动。此外，还分析了中等或剧烈 PA 强度区的时间有效性。医疗级心电图作为参考。通过分析两次就诊期间基于实验室的活动数据来评估可靠性。在各个活动中，平均绝对百分比误差范围为 2.2% 至 4.7%，类内相关系数范围为 0.91 至 0.98，表明所有光学传感器均具有高效度。所有传感器都有效检测到在中等或剧烈强度下花费的时间（平均误差 < 10%），除了 Polar M2 的中度 PA（平均误差 12.8%）和 Garmin V2 的剧烈 PA（平均误差 -15.9%）。传感器的日常可靠性很高，平均绝对误差为 < 5 次/分钟。上臂佩戴传感器的性能始终优于腕戴式传感器，尤其是在涉及增加手臂运动和更高强度的活动中。我们的研究结果确定了这四种消费级光学 HR 传感器的总体高有效性，也可用于评估在较高 PA 强度下花费的时间。然而，在活动亚型和强度水平方面观察到传感器之间的差异。 这些数据有助于在选择用于 PA 监测和干预的光学传感器时做出明智的决策。试验注册：该研究是根据赫尔辛基宣言及其当前修正案进行的，并在 ClinicalTrials.gov （ID NCT05525000） 进行了前瞻性注册。