ObjectiveAccurate time perception is crucial to daily life but vulnerable to interference, particularly through negative affect, which dilates individuals' sense of time passing. Regulation strategies like rumination, and disorders like borderline personality disorder (BPD), are linked to time distortion, yet their interrelationships remain untested. We investigated whether rumination and BPD symptoms increase time dilation in negative affective states to understand the clinical implications of time distortion.MethodsIn an online pilot study, we tested whether negative affect (NA) predicts subjective time perception and explored how rumination, BPD symptoms, and their interaction predicted time perception using a between‐subjects online experimental mood induction. Adult participants (Ncombined = 760) were recruited from Prolific Academic and a large, Midwestern U.S. university.ResultsState NA and increased BPD features predicted increased time dilation. The role of trait‐level rumination was nuanced, with individuals low in BPD symptoms and elevated trait rumination exhibiting reduced time dilation in response to NA. Conversely, those with elevated rumination and BPD symptoms reported increased time dilation in the neutral condition.ConclusionFindings offer foundational evidence of NA and rumination's roles in time dilation for individuals across levels of BPD symptom endorsement. Subsequent replication and extension could flesh out these relationships and inform psychotherapeutic treatment targets.

中文翻译：

---

消极情绪（失调）预测扭曲的时间感知：初步实验证据和对精神病理学的影响


目的准确的时间感知对日常生活至关重要，但容易受到干扰，特别是通过负面影响，这会扩大个人的时间流逝感。反刍等调节策略和边缘型人格障碍 （BPD） 等疾病与时间扭曲有关，但它们的相互关系仍未得到检验。我们调查了反刍和 BPD 症状是否会增加消极情感状态下的时间膨胀，以了解时间扭曲的临床意义。方法在一项在线试点研究中，我们测试了负面影响 （NA） 是否预测主观时间感知，并探讨了反刍、BPD 症状及其交互如何使用受试者间在线实验情绪诱导来预测时间感知。成人参与者 （Ncombined = 760） 是从 Prolific Academic 和美国中西部的一所大型大学招募的。结果状态 NA 和 BPD 特征增加预示着时间膨胀增加。性状水平反刍的作用是微妙的，BPD 症状低和性状反刍升高的个体对 NA 的反应表现出时间扩张减少。相反，那些反卦和 BPD 症状升高的人报告说，在中性条件下，时间扩张增加。结论研究结果为 NA 和反刍在跨 BPD 症状认可水平的个体时间膨胀中的作用提供了基础证据。随后的复制和扩展可以充实这些关系并为心理治疗目标提供信息。