Geographical location sets the broad scene for people's access to knowledge and resources that are critical for career progression. Acknowledging the importance of location and following calls for a contextualized approach to career studies, an increasing body of literature on career success has incorporated geographical considerations over the past decades. However, this literature remains fragmented across disciplines, and a comprehensive understanding of how location influences individual success is lacking. This gap limits researchers’ ability to explain, predict and interpret the role of geographical location in career success. This gap also impedes a clear understanding of multi‐level influences that shape career outcomes, as location is a critical aspect of the macro context. We conducted a systematic review of 99 empirical studies published from 1970 to 2024, using a multi‐disciplinary, multi‐method and multi‐faceted approach. We developed an integrative model that illuminates how factors embedded in geographical context affect multiple aspects of career success through imprinting, (de)mobilizing and contingency mechanisms. Our review advances knowledge of career success from proximal to distal contexts and offers a shifting perspective of city and national career actors. In addition, it extends several streams of theory and scholarship by revealing the cross‐level effects on individual outcomes. We propose a future research agenda and provide suggestions for general career actors, companies and policymakers.

中文翻译：

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职业成功和地理位置：系统评价和未来研究议程


地理位置为人们获取对职业发展至关重要的知识和资源奠定了广阔的基础。认识到地理位置的重要性并遵循对职业研究的情境化方法的呼吁，在过去几十年中，越来越多的关于职业成功的文献纳入了地理考虑。然而，这些文献在各个学科之间仍然分散，并且缺乏对地理位置如何影响个人成功的全面理解。这种差距限制了研究人员解释、预测和解释地理位置在职业成功中的作用的能力。这种差距也阻碍了对影响职业结果的多层次影响的清晰理解，因为位置是宏观背景的一个关键方面。我们使用多学科、多方法和多方面的方法，对 1970 年至 2024 年间发表的 99 项实证研究进行了系统评价。我们开发了一个综合模型，阐明了嵌入地理环境中的因素如何通过印记、（解员）和应急机制影响职业成功的多个方面。我们的综述将职业成功的知识从近端推进到远端，并提供了城市和国家职业参与者的转变视角。此外，它还通过揭示对个体结果的跨层次影响，扩展了多个理论和学术流。我们提出了未来的研究议程，并为一般职业参与者、公司和政策制定者提供建议。