Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy densities, but practical LMBs generally exhibit energy densities below 250 Wh kg−1. The key to achieving LMBs with practical energy density above 400 Wh kg−1 is to use cathodes with a high areal capacity, a solid-state electrolyte, and a lithium-less anode. However, challenges regarding sluggish Li-ion transport, poor mechanical stability of electrodes, and Li pulverization have emerged. Wood-based materials and derivatives with vertical microchannels have been developed and used to fabricate advanced electrode materials for LMBs. In this review, the relationship between electrode microstructure and electrochemical performance of high-energy-density LMBs is revealed. Then, wood-inspired electrode design strategies using ultrathick cathodes, solid-state electrolytes, and Li metal anodes are summarized. Finally, the challenges for designing wood-inspired electrodes and suggestions for future research directions are provided.

中文翻译：

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用于高能量密度锂金属电池的木质材料


锂金属电池 （LMB） 由于其较高的理论能量密度而成为很有前途的电化学储能器件，但实际 LMB 的能量密度通常低于 250 Wh kg-1。实现实际能量密度高于 400 Wh kg-1 的 LMB 的关键是使用具有高面容量的阴极、固态电解质和无锂阳极。然而，锂离子电池传输缓慢、电极机械稳定性差和锂粉化等挑战已经出现。具有垂直微通道的木基材料和衍生物已被开发并用于制造用于 LMB 的先进电极材料。本文揭示了电极微观结构与高能量密度 LMB 的电化学性能之间的关系。然后，总结了使用超厚阴极、固态电解质和锂金属负极的受木材启发的电极设计策略。最后，提供了设计木质电极的挑战和对未来研究方向的建议。