IntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with pork meal in feed on the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, and immune function of Penaeus monodon.MethodsA total of 600 uniformly sized juvenile shrimp with an initial weight of 1.20 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned to four groups, with each group consisting of six replicates of 25 shrimp each. Fish meal protein was replaced with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% pork meal, and crystalline amino acids and fish oil were supplemented accordingly. The groups were designated as P0, P5, P10, and P15, and the study duration was 70 days.ResultsResults indicated no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) between the P5 and P10 groups compared to the P0 group. However, the SGR in the P15 group was significantly lower than that in the P5 and P10 groups. Feed conversion rates (FCRs) for the P5 and P10 groups were comparable to the P0 group, whereas the P15 group showed a significantly higher FCR than the other groups. There were no significant differences in whole body composition among all the groups. Apart from alanine, the amino acid composition of muscles did not differ significantly among all the groups. Results of enzyme activity in plasma revealed that the replacement of fish meal with pork meal reduced levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Specifically, levels of AST in the P5 and P15 groups were significantly lower compared to the P0 and P10 groups. Histological examination of midgut tissues showed that villus height initially increased and then decreased with higher replacement ratios. The P5 group had the highest villus height, while the P15 group had the lowest villus height. Analysis of gene expression related to liver immune functions indicated that genes in TLR signaling pathway were significantly elevated in the P15 group compared to the other groups.DiscussionIn conclusion, even with the supplementation of crystalline amino acids and fish oil, pork meal should not replace more than 10% of fish meal in the feed of P. monodon to maintain optimal growth and feed efficiency.

中文翻译：

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猪肉粉代鱼粉、结晶氨基酸和鱼油补充剂对斑节对虾生长性能、体组成、酶活性、肠道形态及免疫反应的影响


引言本研究旨在评价饲料中猪肉粉替代鱼粉对斑节对斑节对虾生长性能、饲料利用率、肠道形态和免疫功能的影响。方法将 600 只大小均匀、初始体重为 1.20 ± 0.03 g 的幼虾随机分为 4 组，每组由 6 个重复组成，每个重复 25 只虾。用 0%、5%、10% 和 15% 的猪粕替代鱼粉蛋白，并相应地补充结晶氨基酸和鱼油。各组分为 P0 、 P5 、 P10 和 P15 ，研究持续时间为 70 天。结果结果显示，P5 和 P10 组的比生长速率 （SGR） 与 P0 组相比差异无统计学意义。然而，P15 组的 SGR 显著低于 P5 和 P10 组。P5 和 P10 组的饲料转化率 （FCR） 与 P0 组相当，而 P15 组的 FCR 显著高于其他组。所有组之间的全身组成无显著差异。除丙氨酸外，肌肉的氨基酸组成在所有组间没有显着差异。血浆中酶活性的结果表明，用猪肉粉代替鱼粉降低了天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 （AST） 和超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD） 的水平。具体而言，与 P0 和 P10 组相比，P5 和 P15 组的 AST 水平显著降低。中肠组织的组织学检查显示，绒毛高度最初增加，然后随着更换率的增加而减少。P5 组绒毛高度最高，而 P15 组绒毛高度最低。 肝免疫功能相关基因表达分析显示，P15 组 TLR 信号通路基因显著高于其他组。讨论总之，即使补充了结晶氨基酸和鱼油，猪粕也不应替代斑节鱼饲料中超过 10% 的鱼粉，以保持最佳生长和饲料效率。