Reactive dyeing is the primary method for coloring cellulose fibers due to its vibrant colors, various hues, excellent colorfastness, and cost-effectiveness. However, this process consumes a large amount of water and chemicals, leading to significant environmental concerns due to the wastewater. Non-aqueous media/less water dyeing has emerged as a cleaner alternative, showing promising results in dyeing cotton fibers with reactive dyes. Nevertheless, the rapid adsorption rate of dyes can impact the evenness of dyeing. This study explores the use of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in the modification bath to reduce dye adsorption rate and enhance dye desorption during cellulose fibers dyeing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) analysis revealed effective interaction between APAM and cellulose fibers. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and breaking strength tests indicated minimal impact on the thermal stability and physical properties of cellulose fibers with APAM modification. Zeta potential testing demonstrated that APAM modification reduced the surface potential of cellulose fibers and increased their negative charge. The adsorption rate of reactive dye decreased with APAM modification, while dye fixation, washing, and rubbing fastness remained largely unaffected. Adsorption isotherm results supported the weakening of the affinity between dyes and fibers after APAM treatment. Furthermore, the electrostatic potentials of fibers decreased after APAM modification. Compared to salt-free dyeing in non-aqueous media dyeing systems, anionic polymer modification not only improves the level dyeing performance of cotton fiber and reduces 0.9 % in dyeing costs, but also increases production efficiency.

中文翻译：

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阴离子聚丙烯酰胺降低染料扩散速率的纤维素纤维环境改性


活性染色是纤维素纤维着色的主要方法，因为它具有鲜艳的色彩、多样的色调、优异的色牢度和成本效益。然而，这个过程会消耗大量的水和化学品，由于废水而导致严重的环境问题。非水性介质/少水染色已成为一种更清洁的替代方案，在用活性染料染色棉纤维方面显示出有希望的结果。然而，染料的快速吸附速率会影响染色的均匀性。本研究探讨了阴离子聚丙烯酰胺 （APAM） 在改性浴中的应用，以降低纤维素纤维染色过程中的染料吸附速率并增强染料脱附。傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR） 和场发射扫描电子显微镜 （FSEM） 分析揭示了 APAM 与纤维素纤维之间的有效相互作用。热重分析 （TGA）、X 射线衍射 （XRD） 和断裂强度测试表明，APAM 改性对纤维素纤维的热稳定性和物理性能的影响最小。Zeta 电位测试表明，APAM 修饰降低了纤维素纤维的表面电位并增加了它们的负电荷。活性染料的吸附速率随着 APAM 修饰而降低，而染料的固色、洗涤和摩擦牢度基本不受影响。吸附等温线结果支持 APAM 处理后染料和纤维之间的亲和力减弱。此外，APAM 修饰后纤维的静电电位降低。与非水性介质染色系统中的无盐染色相比，阴离子聚合物改性不仅提高了棉纤维的水平染色性能，并将 0.染色成本降低 9 %，也提高了生产效率。