Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are revolutionizing porous materials with their incredible structures and functionalities that have been extensively explored in many fields. Unlike traditional porous materials, MOFs offer a unique opportunity for precise design and modification of the porosities and pore environments. Their nanoscale confined spaces with specific shapes and surface functionalities can selectively interact with certain guest molecules through host-guest interactions, unlocking enhanced performance and related mechanisms that were previously undiscovered. Through advanced experimental and theoretical techniques, the high crystallinity of MOFs allows for detailed and in-depth studies of the structure-performance relationships, leading to breakthroughs in design and optimization. This review delves into recent advancements in the construction, characterization, and host-guest applications of MOF-based systems, showcasing their design strategies for remarkable functionality, porosity, and flexibility. The latest progress in adsorption, separation, catalysis, energy storage, crystalline sponge (CS), and sensing are discussed, unraveling the endless possibilities of MOFs and their challenges.

中文翻译：

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金属有机框架有限空间内的主客互动：设计原理、特征和应用


金属有机框架 （MOF） 正在彻底改变多孔材料，其令人难以置信的结构和功能已在许多领域得到广泛探索。与传统的多孔材料不同，MOF 为精确设计和修改孔隙率和孔隙环境提供了独特的机会。它们具有特定形状和表面功能的纳米级受限空间可以通过主客体相互作用选择性地与某些客体分子相互作用，从而解锁以前未被发现的增强性能和相关机制。通过先进的实验和理论技术，MOF 的高结晶度允许对结构-性能关系进行详细和深入的研究，从而在设计和优化方面取得突破。这篇综述深入探讨了基于 MOF 的系统的构建、表征和主客体应用的最新进展，展示了它们在卓越功能、孔隙率和灵活性方面的设计策略。讨论了吸附、分离、催化、储能、结晶海绵 （CS） 和传感方面的最新进展，揭示了 MOF 的无限可能性及其挑战。