Agrochemicals are extensively utilized to ameliorate agricultural yield and quality, but they also negatively impact ecological cycle and human health as a consequence of indiscriminate pesticide usage and growing anthropogenic interference. To improve the efficiency and biosafety of existing agrochemicals, the dynamic and reversible nature of host–guest complexation with water-soluble macrocycles has been fully exploited in supramolecular chemistry to construct fascinating nanoassemblies with environmental stimuli-responsiveness. This review mainly focuses on (i) the performance-directed molecular recognition properties of common cavity-bearing macrocycles, including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils, and pillararenes, toward a wide range of agroactive ingredients; (ii) the developmental updates in the emerging realm of macrocycle-based multistimuli-responsive supramolecular nanoagrochemicals, with an emphasis on their molecular basis, operation mechanism, and application toward a series of chemical (pH and redox), physical (photo and temperature), and biological (enzyme and reactive oxygen species) factors as internal and external stimuli relevant to plants and pests; and (iii) the encumbered challenges and perspectives on the translational development of these environmentally adaptive nanomaterials under realistic field conditions. In the wave of intelligentization of modern agricultural practices, we believe the stimuli-responsive supramolecular nanoagrochemicals is now spurring the impending agri-tech revolution at a global scale.

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基于大环化合物的水溶性刺激响应超分子纳米农用化学品


农用化学品被广泛用于提高农业产量和质量，但由于不加选择地使用农药和日益增长的人为干扰，它们也会对生态循环和人类健康产生负面影响。为了提高现有农用化学品的效率和生物安全性，水溶性大环的主客体络合的动态和可逆性质已在超分子化学中得到充分利用，以构建具有环境刺激响应性的迷人纳米组装体。本综述主要集中在 （i） 常见的带腔大环（包括冠醚、环糊精、卡利沙芳烃、葫芦苷和支柱芳烃）对多种农业活性成分的性能导向分子识别特性;（ii） 基于大周期的多刺激响应超分子纳米农用化学品的新兴领域的发展更新，重点是它们的分子基础、操作机制和对一系列化学（pH 值和氧化还原）、物理（光和温度）和生物（酶和活性氧）因素的应用作为与植物和害虫相关的内部和外部刺激;（iii） 在现实现场条件下这些环境适应性纳米材料转化发展的阻碍挑战和前景。在现代农业实践的智能化浪潮中，我们相信刺激响应性的超分子纳米农用化学品现在正在刺激即将到来的全球农业技术革命。