Harnessing electricity from our surrounding environments offers a promising solution to the global energy crisis. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven effective in capturing electrical energy from ambient sources. However, traditional TENGs typically operate in a single direction as triboelectrification occurs on fixed solid surfaces. To address this shortcoming, researchers are actively developing TENGs capable of harvesting energy from multiple directions, utilizing diverse natural forces such as flowing water, ocean waves, wind, sound, and various body movements. This review explores the recent developments of arbitrary directional freely moving particles, wind, rain, and ocean based TENGs, which can generate electrical energy from multi-directional forces as arbitrary directional energy harvesters. Furthermore, the key challenges and future perspectives for scavenging triboelectric energy from arbitrary directions are presented. Finally, the SWOT analysis (strengths S, weaknesses W, opportunities O, and threats T) has been summarized to evaluate arbitrary directional responsive TENG technologies from freely moving particles, wind/breeze movement, rainfall, and ocean waves in TENGs.

中文翻译：

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任意定向摩擦纳米发电机：为可持续未来提供先进的能量收集


利用周围环境的电力为全球能源危机提供了一个有前途的解决方案。摩擦纳米发电机 （TENG） 已被证明可以有效地从周围来源捕获电能。然而，传统的 TENG 通常沿单个方向运行，因为摩擦化发生在固定的固体表面上。为了解决这一缺点，研究人员正在积极开发能够利用流水、海浪、风、声音和各种身体运动等各种自然力量从多个方向收集能量的 TENG。本文探讨了任意方向自由移动的粒子、风、雨和海洋基 TENG 的最新发展，它们可以作为任意方向能量收集器从多方向力中产生电能。此外，还提出了从任意方向收集摩擦电能的主要挑战和未来前景。最后，总结了 SWOT 分析（优势 S、劣势 W、机会 O 和威胁 T），以评估来自 TENG 中自由移动粒子、风/微风运动、降雨和海浪的任意方向响应 TENG 技术。