There are three main components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds: protein, oil, and residual. The residual fraction includes soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, lignin, and minerals. Among soluble carbohydrates, the presence of raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) has poor nutritional value (i.e., raffinose and stachyose), and the inability of monogastric animals to digest them limits the potential use of soybean meal for food and feed applications. Our objective was to understand how different environmental conditions impact soybean seed quality, particularly the concentration of the residual fraction and its components. Nine commercial genotypes from three maturity groups were sown on early and late dates. The concentration of insoluble carbohydrates + lignin was positively associated with seed weight (r = 0.67) and negatively associated with the mean temperature during the seed‐filling period (R5–R7; r = −0.61). Within soluble carbohydrates, RFOs were negatively influenced by the mean temperature at the beginning of the seed‐filling period (R5–R6; r = −0.37), while sucrose concentration showed the opposite effect (r = 0.43). In contrast, precipitation exhibited a positive correlation with RFOs, whereas sucrose displayed a negative correlation (r = 0.38 and r = −0.42). This study showed that the decrease in protein concentration was related to the increase in the residual fraction of the seeds, and higher temperatures during seed‐filling period impacted the residual composition of the seeds, specifically by reducing RFO concentration.

中文翻译：

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揭示决定大豆种子残留分数的环境驱动因素


大豆 （Glycine max （L.） Merr.） 种子有三个主要成分：蛋白质、油和残留物。残留部分包括可溶性和不溶性碳水化合物、木质素和矿物质。在可溶性碳水化合物中，棉子糖家族低聚糖 （RFO） 的存在营养价值较差（即棉子糖和水苏糖），而单胃动物无法消化它们限制了豆粕在食品和饲料应用中的潜在用途。我们的目标是了解不同的环境条件如何影响大豆种子质量，特别是残留部分及其成分的浓度。来自三个成熟组的 9 个商业基因型在早熟和晚播种。不溶性碳水化合物 + 木质素的浓度与种子重量呈正相关 （r = 0.67），与种子灌浆期间的平均温度呈负相关 （R5–R7;r = −0.61）。在可溶性碳水化合物中，RFO 受到种子填充期开始时平均温度的负面影响 （r5-R6;r = -0.37），而蔗糖浓度则显示出相反的效果 （r = 0.43）。相比之下，降水与 RFO 呈正相关，而蔗糖呈负相关 （r = 0.38 和 r = -0.42）。这项研究表明，蛋白质浓度的降低与种子残留分数的增加有关，种子填充期间较高的温度会影响种子的残留成分，特别是通过降低 RFO 浓度。