Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations are a new genetic resource for high‐resolution mapping of quantitative traits and as a source of new germplasm or improved cultivars for breeding due to the high level of recombination events in the population. Here, we have developed an eight‐founder MAGIC population for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (PeanutMAGIC). Eight diverse founders were intercrossed using a simple funnel mating design to ensure that the MAGIC population would possess equal representation from each founder. This was followed by advancement using small family plot and single‐seed descent, resulting in 3187 F2:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The objective of this study was to introduce this PeanutMAGIC as a new resource for genetic and genomic studies. We randomly selected a smaller subset of 310 RILs (MAGIC Core) from PeanutMAGIC and conducted genotyping using whole genome sequencing and phenotyping over two growing seasons for seed and pod traits. Whole genome characterization of the MAGIC Core demonstrated that PeanutMAGIC harbors a balanced and evenly differentiated mosaic of genomic blocks from eight founders, providing unique recombination events for high‐resolution mapping of quantitative traits. Using 2‐year phenotypic data, we showed that PeanutMAGIC can improve genetic mapping power of a spectrum of qualitative, like seed coat color, to quantitative traits such as pod weight, seed weight, shelling percentage, pod constriction, and pod reticulation. These findings show that the PeanutMAGIC population can be used by the peanut research community as a new resource for genetic and genomic studies and for cultivar improvement.

中文翻译：

---

花生 （Arachis hypogaea L.） 多亲高级世代杂交 （MAGIC） 种群的遗传和基因组特征


多亲高级世代杂交 （MAGIC） 种群是一种用于数量性状高分辨率绘图的新遗传资源，并且由于种群中高水平的重组事件，因此可以作为新种质或改良品种的来源进行育种。在这里，我们开发了花生 （Arachis hypogaea L.） 的八位创始人 MAGIC 种群。（花生魔术）。使用简单的漏斗交配设计将八位不同的创始人进行交叉，以确保 MAGIC 人群拥有来自每位创始人的平等代表。随后使用小家系和单种子后裔进行改进，产生 3187 个 F2：7 重组自交系 （RIL）。本研究的目的是将这种 PeanutMAGIC 作为遗传和基因组研究的新资源。我们从 PeanutMAGIC 中随机选择了 310 个 RILs （MAGIC Core） 的较小子集，并在两个生长季节使用全基因组测序和表型对种子和豆荚性状进行了基因分型。MAGIC Core 的全基因组表征表明，PeanutMAGIC 包含来自 8 位创始人的基因组块的平衡且分化均匀的马赛克，为数量性状的高分辨率映射提供了独特的重组事件。使用 2 年的表型数据，我们表明 PeanutMAGIC 可以提高一系列定性（如种皮颜色）到定量性状（如荚重、种子重量、剥壳百分比、豆荚收缩和豆荚网状）的遗传定位能力。这些发现表明，花生研究界可以将 PeanutMAGIC 种群用作遗传和基因组研究以及品种改良的新资源。