To achieve production goals, aquaculture often modifies the environments of farmed species, creating conditions that differ significantly from their natural habitats. These alterations can result in evolutionary mismatches, where traits that evolved to optimise survival and reproduction in the wild become maladaptive in farming settings. This can lead to a conflict between traits desired for farming and those favoured by natural selection. In this opinion piece, we examine cases where such evolutionary mismatches arise, their impact on production, and strategies to mitigate these effects. We provide examples of species and farming practices that have been optimised through selective breeding and evolutionary studies and highlight practical solutions that can be applied to the many aquaculture species for which farming practices remain suboptimal. Additionally, we suggest directions for future research to deepen our understanding of evolutionary mismatches in aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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解决水产养殖物种生产管理中进化错配的重要性


为了实现生产目标，水产养殖通常会改变养殖物种的环境，创造与自然栖息地截然不同的条件。这些改变会导致进化错配，即在野外进化以优化生存和繁殖的性状在农业环境中变得适应不良。这可能导致农业所需的性状与自然选择所青睐的性状之间的冲突。在这篇评论文章中，我们研究了出现这种进化错配的情况、它们对生产的影响以及减轻这些影响的策略。我们提供了通过选择性育种和进化研究优化的物种和养殖方式的示例，并重点介绍了可应用于许多养殖方式仍然不理想的水产养殖物种的实用解决方案。此外，我们还为未来的研究方向提出了建议，以加深我们对水产养殖中进化错配的理解。