The increasing popularity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms is attributed to their ability to generate substantial returns for various industries at a low cost. Additionally, in the future landscape of wireless networks, UAV swarms can serve as airborne base stations, alleviating the scarcity of communication resources. However, UAV swarm networks are vulnerable to various security threats that attackers can exploit with unpredictable consequences. Against this background, this paper provides a comprehensive review on security of UAV swarm networks. We begin by briefly introducing the dominant UAV swarm technologies, followed by their civilian and military applications. We then present and categorize various potential attacks that UAV swarm networks may encounter, such as denial-of-service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks and attacks against Machine Learning (ML) models. After that, we introduce security technologies that can be utilized to address these attacks, including cryptography, physical layer security techniques, blockchain, ML, and intrusion detection. Additionally, we investigate and summarize mitigation strategies addressing different security threats in UAV swarm networks. Finally, some research directions and challenges are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

无人机集群网络安全调查：攻击与对策


无人机 （UAV） 集群的日益普及归因于它们能够以低成本为各个行业带来可观的回报。此外，在未来无线网络的格局中，无人机集群可以作为机载基站，缓解通信资源的稀缺问题。但是，无人机集群网络容易受到各种安全威胁的攻击，攻击者可以利用这些威胁，从而造成不可预测的后果。在此背景下，该文对无人机集群网络的安全性进行了全面的综述。我们首先简要介绍占主导地位的无人机集群技术，然后介绍它们的民用和军用应用。然后，我们介绍并分类了无人机集群网络可能遇到的各种潜在攻击，例如拒绝服务攻击、中间人攻击和针对机器学习 （ML） 模型的攻击。之后，我们介绍了可用于应对这些攻击的安全技术，包括密码学、物理层安全技术、区块链、ML 和入侵检测。此外，我们还调查并总结了解决无人机集群网络中不同安全威胁的缓解策略。最后，讨论了一些研究方向和挑战。