The live attenuated measles vaccine is extremely effective in preventing measles and induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract, however the mechanism is not known. We show that live attenuated measles virus (LAMV) RNA is frequently detected in the respiratory tract 7-21 days after subcutaneous measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in healthy children (n = 5/20) and macaques (n = 6/8). Replicating LAMV was isolated from the lungs of 2 macaques, with no evidence of transmission to unvaccinated individuals. These observations suggest that LAMV in the respiratory tract may play a role in the development of robust mucosal immunity following MMR vaccination.

中文翻译：

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皮下 MMR 疫苗接种后呼吸道减毒活麻疹病毒的检测


麻疹减毒活疫苗在预防麻疹和诱导呼吸道粘膜免疫方面非常有效，但机制尚不清楚。我们表明，健康儿童 （n = 5/20） 和猕猴 （n = 6/8） 皮下注射麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹 （MMR） 疫苗后 7-21 天在呼吸道中经常检测到减毒活麻疹病毒 （LAMV） RNA。从 2 只猕猴的肺部分离出复制的 LAMV，没有证据表明会传播给未接种疫苗的个体。这些观察结果表明，呼吸道中的 LAMV 可能在 MMR 疫苗接种后增强粘膜免疫力的发展中发挥作用。