Synodontis Cuvier, 1816 is a species-rich group of African catfishes. Prior to this analysis, 13 species of Synodontis were recognized from Lake Tanganyika and its tributaries, composing the only extant lacustrine radiation of the genus, with a unique origin of obligate brood parasitism among all fishes. Species differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of this group remained largely unresolved. Herein, the taxonomy of Synodontis in the Lake Tanganyika basin is revised, including redescriptions of all species and an updated identification key. Genetic (mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers) and morphological data suggest a lower species diversity than previously recognized, supporting the distinction of 10 Synodontis species in the lake basin. Based on our findings, we recognize Synodontis grandiops, Synodontis ilebrevis, and Synodontis lucipinnis as junior synonyms of Synodontis multipunctatus, Synodontis polli, and Synodontis petricola, respectively. No recent material of Synodontis dhonti and Synodontis tanganyicae (with Synodontis lacustricolus as a synonym) was available. Morphometric/meristic data suggest their close relationship to Synodontis granulosus. Sequencing of historical specimens inferred S. tanganyicae as sister to S. granulosus but with a 1.7% divergence based on mitochondrial data. In contrast to previous studies, phylogenomic data support the lacustrine assemblage of Synodontis in Lake Tanganyika as monophyletic.

中文翻译：

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坦噶尼喀湖流域 Synodontis 鲶鱼（Siluriformes：Mochokidae）的修订分类学显示物种多样性低于预期


Synodontis Cuvier， 1816 是一组物种丰富的非洲鲶鱼。在此之前，从坦噶尼喀湖及其支流中发现了 13 种 Synodontis，构成了该属唯一现存的湖泊辐射，在所有鱼类中具有独特的专性育雏寄生起源。该组的物种分化和系统发育关系在很大程度上仍未解决。在此，对坦噶尼喀湖盆地的 Synodontis 分类进行了修订，包括对所有物种的重新描述和更新的识别密钥。遗传（线粒体和核基因组标记）和形态学数据表明物种多样性低于以前认识到的物种多样性，支持湖盆中 10 种 Synodontis 物种的区分。根据我们的研究结果，我们将 Synodontis grandiops、Synodontis ilebrevis 和 Synodontis lucipinnis 分别识别为 Synodontis multipunctatus、Synodontis polli 和 Synodontis petricola 的初级同义词。最近没有关于 Synodontis dhonti 和 Synodontis tanganyicae （Synodontis lacustricolus 作为同义词） 的材料。形态学/分生关系数据表明它们与 Synodontis granulosus 密切相关。历史标本的测序推断 S. tanganyicae 是 S. granulosus 的姐妹，但根据线粒体数据存在 1.7% 的差异。与以前的研究相比，系统发育数据支持坦噶尼喀湖 Synodontis 的湖相组合是单系的。