Probiotic extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms. They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases. The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other substances. This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract, exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research. Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics operate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.

中文翻译：

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益生菌衍生的细胞外囊泡对家畜肠道屏障功能的影响


益生菌细胞外囊泡 （pEV） 是具有生物活性的纳米颗粒结构，可以通过直接或间接机制调节肠道。它们增强畜禽的肠道屏障功能，有助于缓解肠道疾病。pEV 的具体作用取决于其内部功能成分，包括核酸、蛋白质、脂质和其他物质。本文对 pEVs 对肠道各个节段肠道屏障的影响进行了叙述性回顾，探讨了它们的作用机制，同时强调了当前研究的局限性。研究益生菌通过 pEV 发挥作用的机制可以加深我们的理解，并为它们在畜牧生产中的应用提供理论基础。