The management of chylothorax remains challenging given the limited evidence and significant heterogeneity in practice. In addition, there are no practical guidelines on the optimal approach to manage this complex condition. We convened an international group of 27 experts from 20 institutions across five countries and four specialties (pulmonary, interventional radiology, thoracic surgery and nutrition) with experience and expertise in managing adult patients with chylothorax. We performed a literature and internet search for reports addressing seven clinically relevant PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) questions pertaining to the management of adult patients with chylothorax. This consensus statement, consisting of best practice statements based on expert consensus addressing these seven PICO questions, was formulated by a systematic and rigorous process involving the evaluation of published evidence, augmented with provider experience. Panel members participated in the development of the final best practice statements using the modified Delphi technique. Our consensus statement aims to offer guidance in clinical decision making when managing patients with chylothorax while also identifying gaps in knowledge and informing future research.

鉴于证据有限且实践中存在显著异质性，乳糜胸的管理仍然具有挑战性。此外，目前还没有关于管理这种复杂疾病的最佳方法的实用指南。我们召集了一个由来自 5 个国家和 4 个专业（肺、介入放射学、胸外科和营养学）的 20 个机构的 27 名专家组成的国际小组，他们在管理成年乳糜胸患者方面拥有丰富的经验和专业知识。我们进行了文献和互联网检索，以寻找解决与成年乳糜胸患者管理有关的 7 个临床相关 PICO （患者、干预、比较和结果） 问题的报告。该共识声明由基于解决这 7 个 PICO 问题的专家共识的最佳实践声明组成，由一个系统而严格的流程制定，涉及对已发表证据的评估，并辅以提供者的经验。小组成员参与了使用改进的 Delphi 技术制定最终最佳实践声明。我们的共识声明旨在为管理乳糜胸患者的临床决策提供指导，同时确定知识差距并为未来的研究提供信息。