Is it possible to acquire a sensitivity to a regularity in language without intending to and without awareness of what it is? In this conceptual replication and extension of an earlier study (Williams, 2005) participants were trained on a semiartificial language in which determiner choice was dependent on noun animacy. Participants who did not report awareness or recognition of this rule were nevertheless above chance at selecting the correct determiner in novel contexts. However, further analyses based on trial-by-trial subjective judgments and item similarity statistics were consistent with the possibility that responses were based on conscious feelings of familiarity or analogy to trained items rather than unconscious knowledge of a semantic generalization. The results are discussed in terms of instance-based approaches to memory and language, and the implications for the concept of “learning without awareness” are considered.

中文翻译：

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重新审视和重新思考没有意识的学习


是否有可能在不打算和不意识到它是什么的情况下获得对语言规律的敏感性？在这个早期研究 （Williams， 2005） 的概念复制和扩展中，参与者接受了一种半人工语言的训练，其中限定词的选择取决于名词的动画。然而，没有报告对这条规则的认知或认识的参与者在新的环境中选择正确决定因素的机会很大。然而，基于逐次试验主观判断和项目相似性统计的进一步分析与反应基于有意识的熟悉感或对训练项目的类比的可能性一致，而不是对语义概括的无意识知识。根据基于实例的记忆和语言方法讨论了结果，并考虑了对 “无意识学习 ”概念的影响。