With the rapid global development of photovoltaic power generation, research on its impact on land and ecosystems has become increasingly significant. However, its impact on soil seed bank characteristics has yet to be better assessed. In this study, monitoring plots were established in a semi‐arid grassland undergoing solar energy development. This setup allowed us, for the first time, to investigate how soil seed bank characteristics respond to the construction of two typical photovoltaic array systems: single‐axis and fixed‐tilt systems. This study demonstrated that in both single‐axis and fixed‐tilt systems, the establishment of photovoltaic arrays resulted in a significant increase in soil seed density, with seed counts rising by approximately 47.5% compared with control sites without arrays. The aggregation effect of soil seed density under the photovoltaic array primarily occurred in the 0–10 cm soil layer. The soil seed density under the single‐axis arrays was higher than that under the fixed‐tilt arrays. The construction of photovoltaic arrays resets local soil and directly changes the micro‐environment—including reductions in solar radiation, decreases in average temperature by 0.1°C, and wind speed decreases by 1.5 m/s—which negatively affected the richness and diversity of the soil seed bank, resulting in a 21.1% decrease in species richness and a 10.1% reduction in seed diversity. Furthermore, this study highlights that seed germination in semi‐arid grasslands is under pressure due to environmental changes associated with photovoltaic construction areas. Specifically, soil moisture and organic matter were the key factors affecting the vegetation restoration potential of the entire construction area. We recommend selecting the single‐axis system of photovoltaic components. This selection is crucial, which considers both energy production efficiency and supports the facilitation of future vegetation ecosystem succession. Altogether, this study provides information for future land‐use planning in photovoltaic construction areas and sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation.

中文翻译：

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单轴和固定倾斜光伏阵列建设对半干旱草原土壤种子库特征的影响


随着全球光伏发电的快速发展，关于其对土地和生态系统影响的研究变得越来越重要。然而，它对土壤种子库特性的影响还有待更好地评估。在这项研究中，在正在开发太阳能的半干旱草原上建立了监测地。这种设置使我们能够首次研究土壤种子库特征如何响应两个典型光伏阵列系统的构建：单轴和固定倾斜系统。这项研究表明，在单轴和固定倾斜系统中，光伏阵列的建立都导致土壤种子密度显着增加，与没有阵列的对照站点相比，种子数量增加了约 47.5%。光伏阵列下土壤种子密度的聚集效应主要发生在 0–10 cm 土层。单轴阵列下的土壤种子密度高于固定倾斜阵列下的土壤种子密度。光伏阵列的构建重置了当地土壤并直接改变了微环境——包括太阳辐射减少、平均温度降低 0.1°C、风速降低 1.5 m/s——这对土壤种子库的丰富度和多样性产生了负面影响，导致物种丰富度降低了 21.1%，种子多样性降低了 10.1%。此外，本研究强调，由于与光伏施工区域相关的环境变化，半干旱草原的种子发芽受到压力。具体而言，土壤水分和有机质是影响整个施工区植被恢复潜力的关键因素。 我们建议选择光伏组件的单轴系统。这种选择至关重要，它既考虑了能源生产效率，又支持促进未来植被生态系统的演替。综上所述，本研究为未来光伏建设区土地利用规划和光伏发电的可持续发展提供了信息。